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Selectivity and Adsorption Capacity of Smectite and Vermiculite for Aluminum of Varying Basicity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

J. A. Veith
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Abstract

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Smectite (from South Dakota, Wyoming, and Mississippi) and Vermiculite (Transvaal) were treated with solutions of Al(OH)B(3-B)+, with B varying from 0 to 2.5. The average basicity (OH/Al = B) of the Al adsorbed differed very much from the basicity of the Al added. The average basicity of the Al adsorbed by smectite was always above the average basicity of the Al added. In contrast to smectite, Vermiculite adsorbed smaller hydroxy-Al complexes. One reason for the different selective behavior was the difference in expansion between smectite (about 18 Å) and vermiculite (about 14 Å). Because of the adsorption of the relatively more basic OH-Al by smectite, smectite adsorbed considerably more Al than vermiculite. The total amount of aluminum in the interlayer generally could not be calculated by the difference between Al added and that remaining in solution after the reaction because of possible protonation of the clay mineral and adsorption of structural Al and other cations, which is more pronounced for vermiculite. The results in the present study demonstrated that neither the quantitative nor the qualitative composition of an Al(OH)B-treated exchanger can be deduced from B of the Al salts added. These points are frequently overlooked when cation exchangers are pretreated with Al of variable basicity and are used for further investigations, such as studies of CEC, surface area, interlayer spacing, anion reactions, the formation of gibbsite, etc. Before these kinds of investigations are conducted employing the pretreated OH-Al-exchangers, their composition should be known precisely.

Резюме

Резюме

Сукновальная глина /из Южной Дакоты,Вайоминга и Миссисипи/ и вермикулит /Трасвааль/ были обработаны раствором Аl(ОН)в(3-В)+, c в изменяющимся от 0 до 2,5.Средняя валентность (OН/Аl=В) адсорбированного Аl значительно отличается от валентности добавленного Аl.Средняя валентность Аl,адсорбированного сукновальной глиной,была всегда выше средней валентности добавленного Аl.В противоположность сукновальной глине вермикулит адсорбировал меньше соединений гидроокиси Аl.Одной из причин их различного селективного поведения было различие в растяжимости сукновальной глины /около 18 Д/ и вермикулита /около 14 Å/.В связи с адсорбцией сукновальной глиной относительно более основной ОН-Аl,сукновальная глина адсорбировала значительно больше Аl, чем вермикулит.Обычно нельзя подсчитать полное количество алюминия в прослое по различию в количестве добавленного Аl и оставшегося в растворе после реакции,в связи с возможной реакцией иона Н с глинистым минералом и адсорбцией структурного Аl и других катионов,что более ясно выражено для вермикулита. Результаты настоящего исследования показывают,что из В добавленных солей Аl нельзя выводить заключение ни о количественном,ни о качественном составе обменного раствора,обработанного Аl(OН)в.Эти положения часто остаются незамеченными,когда катионные обменные растворы предварительно обрабатываются Аl различной валентности и используются для дальнейших исследований,таких как изучение катионной обменной способности,поверхностной площади,промежутка между слоями,анионных реакций,формирования гиббсита и т.д.До проведения таких исследований,использующих предварительно обработанные OН-Аl обменные растворы,необходимо точно знать их состав.

Keywords

AdsorptionAluminumExpansionSmectiteVermiculite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , February 1978 , pp. 45 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © 1978, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

*

Contribution from the Institut für Ökologie — Bodenkunde — der Technischen Universität, Berlin.

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