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Quantitative In Situ Study of the Dehydration of Bentonite-Bonded Molding Sands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Guntram Jordan ,
Constanze Eulenkamp ,
Elbio Calzada ,
Burkhard Schillinger ,
Markus Hoelzel ,
Alexander Gigler ,
Helge Stanjek  and
Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Guntram Jordan*
Affiliation:
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 München, Germany
Constanze Eulenkamp
Affiliation:
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 München, Germany
Elbio Calzada
Affiliation:
Technische Universita¨t München, FRM II, Lichtenbergstr.1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Burkhard Schillinger
Affiliation:
Technische Universita¨t München, FRM II, Lichtenbergstr.1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Markus Hoelzel
Affiliation:
Technische Universita¨t München, FRM II, Lichtenbergstr.1, 85748 Garching, Germany
Alexander Gigler
Affiliation:
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 München, Germany
Helge Stanjek
Affiliation:
RWTH Aachen, Ton- und Grenzflächenmineralogie, Wüllnerstr. 2, 52065 Aachen, Germany
Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Affiliation:
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstr. 41, 80333 München, Germany
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Bentonite-bonded molding sand is one of the most common mold materials used in metal casting. The high casting temperatures cause dehydration and alteration of the molding sand, thereby degrading its reusability. Neutron radiography and neutron diffraction were applied to study these processes by using pure bentonite-quartz-water mixtures in simulation casting experiments. The aim of the experiments was to compare the dehydration behavior of raw and recycled mold material in order to assess possible causes of the limited reusability of molding sands in industrial application. Neutron radiography provided quantitative data for the local water concentrations within the mold material as a function of time and temperature. Dehydration zones, condensation zones, and areas of pristine hydrated molding sand could be established clearly. The kinematics of the zones was quantified. Within four cycles of de- and rehydration, no significant differences in water kinematics were detected. The data, therefore, suggest that the industrial handling (molding-sand additives and the presence of metal melt) may have greater effects on molding-sand reusability than the intrinsic properties of the pure bentonite–quartz–water system.

Keywords

BentoniteDehydration ProcessMetal CastingMolding SandNeutron Powder DiffractionNeutron RadiographySmectite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 133 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2013

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