Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T05:24:12.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pyrogallol Transformations as Catalyzed by Nontronite, Bentonite, and Kaolinite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

M. C. Wang  and
P. M. Huang
M. C. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
P. M. Huang
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W0, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The catalytic power of Ca-nontronite, Ca-bentonite, and Ca-kaolinite in promoting the abiotic ring cleavage of pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) and the associated formation of humic polymers was studied in systems free of microbial activity. The presence of Ca-kaolinite and especially Ca-nontronite in the pyrogallol solutions at pH 6.00 greatly enhanced the absorbance at both 472 and 664 nm of the supernatants. At an initial pH of 6.00 and at the end of a 90-hr reaction period, the amounts of CO2 released from the ring cleavage of pyrogallol and the yields of the resultant humic polymers formed in the reaction systems followed the same sequence: Ca-nontronite > Ca-kaolinite > Ca-bentonite. The data indicate that the catalytic power of Fe(III) on the edges and in the structure of nontronite was substantially greater than that of Al on the edges of kaolinite and montmorillonite and of a small amount of Fe(III) in the structure of montmorillonite in promoting the reactions. The infrared and electron spin resonance spectra and the solid-state, cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of humic polymers formed in the reaction systems resembled those of natural humic substances.

Keywords

BentoniteCatalysisHumic polymersInfrared spectroscopyKaoliniteNontroniteNuclear magnetic resonancePyrogallol
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 37 , Issue 6 , December 1989 , pp. 525 - 531
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Aiken, G. R., Aiken, G. R., McKnight, D. M., Wershaw, R. L. and MacCarthy, P., 1985 Isolation and concentration techniques for aquatic humic substances Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water New York Wiley 363 – 385.Google Scholar
Borchardt, G. A., Dixon, J. B. and Weed, S. B., 1977 Montmorillonite and other smectite minerals Minerals in Soil Environments Wisconsin Soil Science Society of America, Madison 293 – 330.Google Scholar
Dixon, J. B., Dixon, J. B. and Weed, S. B., 1977 Caolinite and serpentine-group minerals Minerals in Soil Environments Madison, Wisconsin Soil Science Society of America 357 – 403.Google Scholar
Eaton, D. G., 1964 Complexing of metal ions with semi-quinones. An electron spin resonance study Inorganic Chemistry 3 1268 – 1271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eltantawy, I. W. and Arnold, P. W., 1973 Reappraisal of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) method for surface area estimation of clays J. Soil Sci. 24 232 – 238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flaig, W., Beutelspacher, H., Rietz, E. and Gieseking, J. E., 1975 Chemical composition and physical properties of humic substances Soil Components, Vol. 1, Organic Components New York Springer-Verlag 1 – 211.Google Scholar
Germida, J. J. and Casida, J. E. Jr., 1980 Myceloid growth of Arthrobacter globiformis and other Arthrobacter species J. Bacteriol. 144 1152 – 1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatcher, P. G., Breger, I. A. and Mattingly, M. A., 1980 Structural characteristics of fulvic acids from continental shelf sediments Nature 285 560 – 562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatcher, P. G., Schnitzer, M., Dennis, L. W. and Maciel, G. E., 1981 Aromaticity of humic substances in soils Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 45 1089 – 1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, M. H. B., Aiken, G. R., McKnight, D. M., Wershaw, R. L. and MacCarthy, P., 1985 Extraction of humic substances from soils Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water New York Wiley 329 – 362.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. L., 1979 Soil Chemical Analysis—Advanced Course 2nd Madison, Wisconsin published by the author 100 – 166.Google Scholar
Kumada, K. and Kato, H., 1970 Browning of pyrogallol as affected by clay minerals Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 13 151 – 158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leenheer, J. A., Aiken, G. R., McKnight, D. M., Wershaw, R. L. and MacCarthy, P., 1985 Fractionation techniques for aquatic humic substances Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water New York Wiley 409 – 429.Google Scholar
Martin, J. P., Haider, K., Kirk, T. K., Higuchi, T. and Chang, H., 1980 Microbial degradation and stabilization of 14C-labeled lignins, phenols, and phenolic polymers in relation to soil humus formation Lig-nin Biodegradation: Microbiology, Chemistry and Potential Applications, Vol. I Boca Raton, Florida CRC Press, Inc. 77 – 100.Google Scholar
McBride, M. B., Sikora, F. J. and Wesselink, L. G., 1988 Complexation and catalyzed oxidative polymerization of catechol by aluminum in acidic solution Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 52 985 – 993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, B. M., McKercher, R. B. and Germida, J. J., 1984 Microbial population in trifluralin-treated soil Plant Soil 76 379 – 387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, C. M., Rauthan, B. S., Rodger, C. and Ripmeester, J. A., 1982 A hydrogen-1, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance study of p-benzoquinone polymers incorporating amino nitrogen compounds (“Synthetic humic acids”) Soil Sci. 134 277 – 293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, M., 1977 Recent findings on the characterization of humic substances extracted from soils from widely differing climatic zones Soil Organic Matter Studies II 117 – 130.Google Scholar
Schnitzer, M. and Chan, Y. K., 1986 Structural characteristics of a fungal melanin and soil humic acid Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 50 67 – 71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, M. and Ghosh, K., 1982 Characteristics of water-soluble fulvic acid-copper and fulvic acid-iron complexes Soil Sci. 134 354 – 363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, M. and Lévesque, M., 1979 Electron spin resonance as a guide to the degree of humification of peats Soil Sci 127 140 – 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnitzer, M. and Preston, C. M., 1983 Effects of acid hydrolysis on the l3C NMR spectra of humic substances Plant Soil 75 201 – 211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senesi, N. and Schnitzer, M., 1977 Effect of pH, reaction time, chemical reduction and irradiation on ESR spectra of fulvic acids Soil Sci. 123 224 – 234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shindo, H. and Huang, P. M., 1985 The catalytic power of inorganic components in the abiotic synthesis of hydro-quinone-derived humic polymers Appl. Clay Sci. 1 71 – 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, D. H., 1968 Clay minerals as electron acceptors and/or electron donors in organic reactions Clays & Clay Minerals 16 31 – 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, D. H. and Hawthorne, D. G., 1983 Chemistry of Pigments and Fillers New York Wiley 179 – 258.Google Scholar
Swift, R. S., Aiken, G. R., McKnight, D. M., Wershaw, R. L. and MacCarthy, P., 1985 Fractionation of soil humic substances Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment, and Water New York Wiley 387 – 408.Google Scholar
Tennakoon, D. T. B. Thomas, J. M. and Tricker, M. J., 1974 Surface and intercalate chemistry of layer silicates. Part II. An iron-57 Mössbauer study of the role of lattice-substituted iron in the benzidine blue reaction of mont-morillonite J. Chem. Soc, Dalton 2211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiessen, H., Bettany, J. R. and Stewart, J. W. B., 1981 An improved method for the determination of carbon in soils and soil extracts by dry combustion Co. Soil Sci. PI. Anal. 12 211 – 218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umbreit, W. W., Burris, R. H. and Stauffer, J. F., 1964 Manometric Techniques: A Manual Describing Methods Applicable to the Study of Tissue Metabolism 4th Minnesota Burgess Publishing, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Wang, M. C. and Huang, P. M., 1986 Humic macromol-ecule interlayering in nontronite through interaction with phenol monomers Nature 323 529 – 531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, M. C. and Huang, P. M., 1987 Catalytic polymerization of hydroquinone by nontronite Can. J. Soil Sci. 67 867 – 875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T. S. C. Huang, P. M., Chou, C.-H. and Chen, J.-H., 1986 The role of soil minerals in the abiotic polymerization of phenolic compounds and formation of humic substances Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes 17 251 – 281.Google Scholar
Wang, T. S. C. Kao, M.-M. and Li, S. W., 1978 A new proposed mechanism of formation of soil humic substances Studies and Essays in Coemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan Academia Sinica 357 – 372.Google Scholar
Wang, T. S. C. Li, S. W. and Ferng, Y. L., 1978 Catalytic polymerization of phenolic compounds by clay minerals Soil Sci. 126 15 – 21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T. S. C. Wang, M. C., Ferng, Y. L. and Huang, P. M., 1983 Catalytic synthesis of humic substances by natural clays, silts, and soils Soil Sci. 135 350 – 360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M. A. and Goh, K. M., 1977 Proton-decoupled pulse Fourier-transform 13C magnetic resonance of soil organic matter J. Soil Sci. 28 645 – 652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar