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Potassium- and Ammonium-Treated Montmorillonites. I. Interstratified Structures with Ethylene Glycol and Water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Blahoslav Číčel  and
Daniel Machajdík
Blahoslav Číčel
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta, 809 34 Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Daniel Machajdík
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta, 809 34 Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
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Abstract

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Monoionic K- and NH4-smectites saturated with ethylene glycol form mixed-layer structures which usually consist of three kinds of layers: a 10-Å, non-expanded layer; a 14-Å, partly expanded layer; and a 16.8-Å, completely expanded layer. In some samples, the 14-Å layers formed 60–70% of all layers present. When saturated with water vapor the smectites commonly consisted of three kinds of layers (10-, 12.6-, and 15.5-Å). Generally these samples contained fewer expanded layers than those saturated with ethylene glycol. This result is attributed to the smaller dipole moment of water compared with that of ethylene glycol. The greater solvation energy of NH4+ in comparison with that of K+ causes the expansion of a part of layers which did not expand in the K forms. This result indicates that there is an inhomogeneous distribution of layer charge in the smectite structure. The prevalent type of mixed layering in the studied samples is that of random distribution of layers.

Резюме

Резюме

Моноионные К- и NH4-смектиты, насыщенные этиленовым гликолем образуют структуры смешенных слоев, которые обычно состоят из трех типов: 10-Å, нерасширенный слой; 14-Å, частично расширенный слой; и 16,8-Å, полностью расширенный слой. В некоторых образцах 14-Å слои составляли 60–70% от всех слоев. Смектиты, насыщенные водяным паром обычно состояли из трех типов слоев (10-, 12,6-, и 15,5-Å). В основном эти образцы содержали меньше расширенных слоев, чем образцы, насыщенные этиленовым гликолем. Этот результат относится к меньшему дипольному моменту воды по сравнению с этиленовым гликолем. Большая энергия сольватации для NH4+, чем для К+ вызывает расширение части слоев, которые не расширяются в К-формах. Этот результат указывает, что имеется негомогенное распределение слойного заряда в структуре смектита. Преобладающим типом смешанных слоев в изученных образцах является беспорядочное распределение слоев. [Е.С.]

Resümee

Resümee

Mono-ionische, mit Ethylenglycol-gesättigte K- und NH4-Smektite bilden Wechsellagerungsstrukturen, die gewöhnlich aus drei Schichtarten bestehen: Eine nicht expandierte 10 Å-Schicht, eine teilweis expandierte 14 Å-Schicht und eine vollständig expandierte 16,8 Å-Schicht. In einigen Proben machten die 14 Å-Schichten 60–70% aller vorhandenen Schichten aus. Bei Wasserdampfsättigung bestanden die Smektite aus drei Schichtarten (10, 12,6, und 15,5 Å). Im allgemeinen enthielten diese Proben weniger expandierte Lagen als die Ethylenglycol-gesättigten Proben. Dieses Ergebnis wird auf das im Vergleich zu Ethylenglycol kleinere Dipolmoment des Wassers zurückgeführt. Die größere Solvatationsenergie von NH4+ verglichen mit der von K+ verursacht die Expansion eines Teils der Schichten, die in den K-Formen nicht expandierten. Dieses Ergebnis deutet darauf hin, daß in der Smektitstruktur eine inhomogene Verteilung der Schichtladung vorhanden ist. Der vorherrschende Typ von Wechsellagerung in den untersuchten Proben ist der mit einer statistischen Verteilung der Schichten. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

Des smectites monoioniques-K et -NH4 saturées de glycol éthylène forment des structures à couches mélangées qui consistent généralement de trois sortes de couches: une couche 10-Å non-enflée, une couche 14-Å partiellement enflée, et une couche 16-Å entièrement enflée. Dans certains échantillons, les couches 14-Å formaient de 60 à 70% de toutes les couches présentes. Lorsqu'elles étaient saturées de vapeur d'eau, les smectites consistaient habituellement de trois sortes de couches (10-Å, 12,6-Å, et 15,5-Å). Ces échantillons contenaient généralement moins de couches enflées que ceux saturés de glycol éthylène. Ce résultat est attribué au plus petit moment dipôle de l'eau comparé à celui du glycol éthylène. L’énergie plus grande de solvation de NH4+ en comparaison avec celle de K+ cause l'expansion d'une partie des couches qui ne s’était pas enflée dans les formes K. Ce résultat indique qu'il y a une distribution non-homogène de charge de couche dans la structure d'une smectite. Le type prévalent de mélange de couches dans les échantillons étudiés est celui de la distribution de couches au hasard. [D.J.]

Keywords

Ethylene glycol complexInterstratificationLayer chargeMixed layerMontmorillonite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , February 1981 , pp. 40 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © 1981, The Clay Minerals Society

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