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Possible Role of Microbial Polysaccharides in Nontronite Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Masato Ueshima  and
Kazue Tazaki
Masato Ueshima
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Kazue Tazaki
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Abstract

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Nontronite and microbes were detected in the surface layers of deep-sea sediments from Iheya Basin, Okinawa Trough, Japan. Nontronite, an Fe-rich smectite mineral, was embedded in acidic polysaccharides that were exuded by microbial cells and electron microscopy showed that the nontronite layers were apparently oriented in the polysaccharide materials. We propose that the formation of nontronite was induced by the accumulation of Si and Fe ions from the ambient seawater and that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) served as a template for layer-silicate synthesis. Experimental evidence for this hypothesis was obtained by mixing a solution of polysaccharides (dextrin and pectin) with ferrosiliceous groundwater. After stirring the mixture in a sealed vessel for two days, and centrifuging, Fe-rich layer silicates were identified within the precipitate of both the dextrin and pectin aggregates, whereas rod-shaped or spheroidal Si-bearing iron hydroxides were found in the external solution. Microbial polysaccharides would appear to have affected layer-silicate formation.

Keywords

BiomineralizationExtracellular PolysaccharidesMicrobesMicromorphologyMicrostructureNontronite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , August 2001 , pp. 292 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © 2001, The Clay Minerals Society

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