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Polymerization of Benzene and Aniline on Cu(II)-Exchanged Hectorite Clay Films: A Scanning Force Microscope Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Michael P. Eastman ,
Michael E. Hagerman ,
Jennifer L. Attuso ,
Edlin D. Bain  and
Timothy L. Porter
Michael P. Eastman
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
Michael E. Hagerman
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
Jennifer L. Attuso
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
Edlin D. Bain
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
Timothy L. Porter
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011
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Abstract

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The technique of scanning force microscopy (SFM) was used to study the nanometer-scale structure of Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite thin films. Supporting data were also obtained from Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The surfaces studied included pure Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite, Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite exposed to benzene and Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite exposed to aniline. SFM images of the unexposed Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite surface revealed a smooth surface composed of interlocking platelets. The lateral dimension of these platelets ranged from a few nm to about 1 μm. After exposure to refluxing benzene, the SFM showed that the platelets underwent vertical shifts in position. This is believed to have occurred from intercalated benzene that polymerized in the interlayer region. No SFM evidence was obtained for benzene polymerization on the surface of the hectorite. Hectorite films exposed to aniline at room temperature revealed a post-polymerization structure on the hectorite surface consisting of small polymer bundles. The diameter of these bundles was measured to be 300–3000 Å, similar to the structure seen on electropolymerized polyaniline films. Aniline polymerized on the surface of hectorite films at 180 °C revealed a structure similar to undoped n-methyl-pyrrolidinone (NMP) cast polyaniline films. In this case, the polymer bundles are only 300 Å in dimension on average. XRD and ESR data also indicated interlayer aniline polymerization in Cu(II) exchanged hectorite. Mechanistic considerations affecting these polymerization reactions are presented.

Keywords

AnilineBenzeneHectoriteScanning Force Microscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 44 , Issue 6 , December 1996 , pp. 769 - 773
Copyright
Copyright © 1996, The Clay Minerals Society

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