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p-Nitrophenol Electro-Oxidation on a BTMA+-Bentonite-Modified Electrode

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

A. Abu Rabi-Stanković ,
A. Milutinović-Nikolić ,
N. Jović-Jovičić ,
P. Banković ,
M. Žunić ,
Z. Mojović  and
D. Jovanović
A. Abu Rabi-Stanković*
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
A. Milutinović-Nikolić
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
N. Jović-Jovičić
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
P. Banković
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
M. Žunić
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Z. Mojović
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
D. Jovanović
Affiliation:
Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Phenol and its derivatives are regarded as ‘priority pollutants’ and p-nitrophenol (p-NP), in particular, is of great interest due to its toxicity and frequent presence in waste waters and fresh waters. Straightforward, inexpensive methods to identify p-NP in water, however, is lacking. In the present study, an electrochemical technique using clay-modified electrodes to measure p-NP was investigated as a potentially promising method to fill that gap. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a thin layer of Na-enriched bentonite and a series of benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA+)-bentonites (BTMA+-B) in order to confirm these materials as p-NP electrosensitive. A series of organobentonites was synthesized using different BTMA+/bentonite ratios. The materials obtained were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and a low-temperature nitrogen adsorptiondesorption method. A monolayer arrangement of BTMA+ within the interlamellar region of beidellite-rich smectite was confirmed. Deterioration of the textural properties was observed with increase of BTMA+ loading. The electro-oxidation of p-NP in an acidic medium on BTMA+-B-modified GCE was investigated. The cyclic voltammetry method with a three-electrode cell was used. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl in 3 M KCl and a Pt foil was the counter electrode. For each electrochemical measurement, a different BTMA+ loading in BTMA+-B was used as the material for GCE coating and applied as the working electrode. The electrochemical activity of BTMA+-B-based electrodes increased with BTMA+ loading. The results confirmed that the organophylic character of the BTMA+-B-modified surface was the main influence on the electrochemical activity of the BTMA+-B-based GCE; the influence of textural properties was almost negligible. The increased electrode activity toward p-NP was achieved by the adsorption of p-NP on the electrode surface, the process that commonly precedes the electro-oxidation. The present study showed that synthesized materials could potentially be used in an electrochemical test for the presence of p-NP in water solutions.

Keywords

BTMA+-bentoniteCyclovoltammetryElectrochemical PropertiesModified ElectrodePara-nitrophenolPriority Pollutant
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 3 , June 2012 , pp. 291 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

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