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Palagonite Reconsidered: Paracrystalline Illite-Smectites From Regoliths on Basic Pyroclastics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Vadim Berkgaut ,
Arieh Singer  and
Karl Stahr
Vadim Berkgaut
Affiliation:
The Seagram Centre for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76 100, Israel
Arieh Singer
Affiliation:
The Seagram Centre for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot 76 100, Israel
Karl Stahr
Affiliation:
Institut für Bodenkunde, Universität Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract

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Poorly crystalline authigenic alteration products of basic pyroclastics from the Golan Heights, Israel, were investigated by XRD, DTA, TGA, FTIR and chemical analysis. Modeling XRD patterns with the use of NEWMOD code provided a way to identify these clays as random interstratified illite/smectites (I/S) with ∼70% of illitic interlayers. Their characteristic features were very poor basal reflections, distinct hk bands, high CEC and low (∼2%) K2O content. Crystallite thickness distribution was found to follow Ergun's model with a weight-average thickness of 2.7–2.8 layers. A new method was proposed to calculate the proportion of kaolinite and 2:1 minerals in their mixtures and the average crystallochemical formula of 2:1 minerals in the presence of kaolinite. The method starts from data of chemical analysis and TGA and assumes that the anionic frameworks of kaolinite and 2:1 minerals are exactly O10(OH)8 and O10(OH)2 respectively. The number of OH-groups per ten oxygens not bonded to H in the empirical formula of the mixture is used to evaluate the proportion of kaolinite. Formation of I/S in well-drained environments under humid mediterranean climatic conditions was attributed to long dry seasons. Interstitial water composition was shown to be consistent with authigenic formation of I/S.

Keywords

Basic pyroclasticsHumid mediterranean weatheringllite/smectitePoorly-ordered layer silicates
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 5 , October 1994 , pp. 582 - 592
Copyright
Copyright © 1994, Clay Minerals Society

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