Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:59:07.639Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the Chemical Composition of Sepiolite and Palygorskite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

E. Garciá-Romero  and
M. Suárez
E. Garciá-Romero*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
M. Suárez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Many studies of the chemical composition of sepiolite and palygorskite have been carried out using analytical electron microscopy (AEM). According to the literature, a compositional gap exists between sepiolites and palygorskites, but the results presented here show that they may all be intermediate compositions between two extremes. The results of >1000 AEM analyses and structural formulae have been obtained for the samples studied (22 samples of sepiolite and 21 samples of palygorskite) and indicate that no compositional gap exists between sepiolite and palygorskite. Sepiolite occupies the most magnesic and trioctahedral extreme and palygorskite the most aluminic-magnesic and dioctahedral extreme. Sepiolite and palygorskite with intermediate compositions exist between the two pure extremes: (1) sepiolite with a small proportion of octahedral substitution; (2) palygorskite with a very wide range of substitution (the pure dioctahedral extreme is unusual); and (3) intermediate forms, Al-sepiolite and Mg-palygorskite with similar or the same chemical composition. The chemical compositions of the intermediate forms can be so similar that a certain degree of polymorphism exists between Al-sepiolite and Mg-palygorskite.

Keywords

Chemical CompositionOctahedral SheetOctahedra cationsPalygorskiteSepiolite
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 1 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2010

References

Akbulut, A. and Kadir, S., 2003 The geology and origin of sepiolite, palygorskite and saponite in Neogene lacustrine sediments of the Serinhisar-Acipayam Basin, Denizli, SW Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 51 279–292 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arauzo Perez, A. González López, J.M. and López Aguayo, F., 1989 Primeros datos sobre la mineralogía y génesis del yacimiento de sepiolita de Mara (prov. de Zaragoza) Boletín de la Sociedad Espanõla de Mineralogía 12 329–340.Google Scholar
Artioli, G. and Galli, E., 1994 The crystal structures of orthorhombic and monoclinic palygorskite MaterialsScience Forum 166-169 647–652.Google Scholar
Artioli, G. Galli, E. Burattini, E. Cappuccio, G. and Simeoni, S., 1994 Palygorskite from Bolca, Italy: a characterization by high-resolution synchrotron radiation powder diffraction and computer modelling Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie Monatshefte 5 217–229.Google Scholar
Bradley, W.F., 1940 The structural scheme of attapulgite American Mineralogist 25 405–411.Google Scholar
Brauner, K. and Presinger, A., 1956 Struktur und Entstehung des Sepioliths Tschermak’s Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 6 120–140 10.1007/BF01128033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chahi, A. Fritz, B. Duplay, J. Weber, F. and Lucas, J., 1997 Textural transition and genetic relationship between precursor stevensite and sepiolite in lacustrine sediments (Jbel Rhassoul, Morocco) Clays and Clay Minerals 45 378–389 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chahi, A. Petit, S. and Decarreau, A., 2002 Infrared evidence of dioctahedral-trioctahedral site occupancy in palygorskite Clays and Clay Minerals 50 306–313 10.1346/00098600260358067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, T. Wang, H. Zhang, X. and Zheng, N., 2008 SAED and HRTEM investigation of palygorskite Acta Geologica Sinica 82 385–391.Google Scholar
Chryssikos, G.D. Gionis, V. Kacandes, G.H. Stathopoulou, E.T. Suárez, M. García-Romero, E. and Sánchez del Rio, M., 2009 Octahedral cation analysis of palygorskite by near-infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 94 200–203 10.2138/am.2009.3063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corma, A. Mifsud, A. and Sanz, E., 1987 Influence of the chemical composition and textural characteristics of palygorskite on the acid leaching of octahedral cations Clay Minerals 22 225–232 10.1180/claymin.1987.022.2.10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A. and Sokolova, G.V., 1971 Structure of palygorskite Soviet Physics Crystallography 16 288–231.Google Scholar
Ece, I., 1998 Diagenetic transformation of magnesite pebbles and cobbles to sepiolite (meerschaum) in the Miocene Eskişehir lacustrine basin, Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 46 436–445 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahey, J.J. Ross, M. and Axerod, J.M., 1960 Loughlinite, a new hydrous sodium magnesium silicate American Mineralogist 45 270–281.Google Scholar
Galán, E. and Carretero, I., 1999 A new approach to compositional limits for sepiolite and palygorskite Clays and Clay Minerals 47 399–409 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galán, E. Brell, J.M. La Iglesia, A. and Robertson, R.H.S., 1975 The Caceres palygorskite deposit, Spain Proceedings of the International Clay Conference Illinois 60091, USA Applied Publishing Ltd. Willmette 81–94.Google Scholar
Garcia-Romero, E. Suárez, M. and Bustillo, A., 2004 Characteristics of a Mg-palygorskite in Miocene rocks, Madrid Basin (Spain) Clays and Clay Minerals 52 484–494 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-Romero, E. Suárez, M. Oyarzun, R. López-García, J.A. and Regueiro, M., 2006 Fault-hosted palygorskite from the Serrata de Nijar Deforation Zone (SE Spain) Clays and Clay Minerals 54 324–332 10.1346/CCMN.2006.0540304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-Romero, E. Suárez, M. Santaren, J. and Alvarez, A., 2007 Crystallochemical characterization of the palygorskite and sepiolite from the Allou Kagne deposit, Senegal Clays and Clay Minerals 6 606–617 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gionis, V. Kacandes, G.H. Kastritis, I.D. and Chryssikos, G.D., 2006 On the structure of palygorskite by mid- and near-infrared spectroscopy American Mineralogist 91 1125–1133 10.2138/am.2006.2023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gionis, V. Kacandes, G.H. Kastritis, I.D. and Chryssikos, G.D., 2007 Combined near-infrared and X-ray diffraction investigation of the octahedral sheet composition of palygorskite Clays and Clay Minerals 55 543–553 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giusteto, R. Levy, D. and Chiari, G., 2006 Crystal structure refinementof Maya Blue pigmentprepared with deuterated indigo, using neutron powder diffraction European Journal of Mineralogy 18 629–640 10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Güven, N., 1992 The coordination of aluminum ions in the palygorskite structure Clays and Clay Minerals 40 457–461 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imai, N. Otsuka, R., Singer, A. and Galán, E., 1984 Sepiolite and palygorskite in Japan Palygorskite-Sepiolite, Ocurrences, Genesis and Uses Amsterdam Elsevier 211–232.Google Scholar
Jamoussi, F. Ben Aboud, A. and López-Galindo, A., 2003 Palygorskite genesis through silicate transformation in Tunisian continental Eocene deposits Clay Minerals 38 187–199 10.1180/0009855033820088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B.F. Galán, E. and Bailey, S.W., 1991 Sepiolite and palygorskite Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas) Washington, D.C. Mineralogical Society of America 631–674.Google Scholar
Kadir, S. Bas, H. and Karakas, Z., 2002 Origin of sepiolite and loughlinite in a Neogene volcano-sedimetary lacustrine environment, Mihaliçç ik-Eskişehir, Turkey The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1091–1102 10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krekeler, M.P.S. and Guggenheim, S., 2008 Defects in microstructure in palygorskite-sepiolite minerals: A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study Applied Clay Science 39 98–105 10.1016/j.clay.2007.05.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z. He, K. Yin, L. Xiong, F. and Zeng, Y.C., 2007 Crystallochemistry of Fe-rich palygorskite from eastern China Clay Minerals 42 453–461 10.1180/claymin.2007.042.4.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Galindo, A., 1987 Paligorskita en materiales cretácicos de la zona subbetica Origen. Boletín de la Sociedad Espanõla de Mineralogía 10-2 131–139.Google Scholar
López-Galindo, A. and Sánchez Navas, A., 1989 Criterios morfológicos, crist alográficos y geooquímicos de diferenciación entre sepiolitas de origen sedimentario e hidrotermal Boletín de la Sociedad Espanõla de Mineralogía 12 375–383.Google Scholar
López-Galindo, A. Aboud, B. Fenoll Hach-Ali, P. and Casas Ruiz, J., 1996 Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of palygorskite from Gabasa (NE Spain). Evidence of a detrital precursor Clay Minerals 31 33–44 10.1180/claymin.1996.031.1.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Galindo, A. Fenoll Hach-Alí, P. Pushkarev, A.V. Lytovchenko, A.S. Baker, J.H. and Puskarova, R.A., 2008 Tritium redistribution between water and clay minerals Applied Clay Science 9 151–159 10.1016/j.clay.2007.06.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorimer, G.W. Cliff, G. and Wenk, H.R., 1976 Analytical electron microscopy of minerals Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy Berlin Springer-Verlag. 506–519 10.1007/978-3-642-66196-9_38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magalhaes, C.A. Da Luz, A.B. Baltar, L.M. De Oliveira, C.H. and Becerra, F.J., 2008 Influence of morphology and surface charge on the suitability of palygorskite as drill fluid Applied Clay Science 42 597–600.Google Scholar
Martín-Vivaldi, J.L. and Cano-Ruíz, J., 1956 Contribution to the study of sepiolite: II. Some considerations regarding the mineralogical formula Proceedings of four National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals 156 173–176.Google Scholar
Martín-Vivaldi, J.L. Fenoll, P. and Mackenzie, R.C., 1970 Palygorskites and sepiolites (Hormites) Differential Thermal Analysis London Academic Press 553–573.Google Scholar
Mumpton, F.A. and Roy, , 1958 New data on sepiolite and attapulgite National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council 136–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neaman, A. and Singer, A., 2000 Kinetics of palygorskite hydrolysis in dilute salt solutions Clay Minerals 35 433–441 10.1180/000985500546783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. Brown, G. and Newman, A.C.D., 1987 The chemical constitution of clays Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals London Mineralogical Society 1–129.Google Scholar
Paquet, H. Duplay, J. Valleron-Blanc, M.M. Millot, G., Schultz, L.G. Van Olphen, H. and Mumpton, F.A., 1987 Octahedral compositions of individual particles in smectite-palygorskite and smectite-sepiolite assemblages Proccedings of the International Clay Conference. Denver, 1985 Bloomington, Indiana The Clay Minerals Society 73–77.Google Scholar
Post, J.L. and Crawford, S., 2007 Varied forms of palygorskite and sepiolite from different geologic systems Applied Clay Science 26 232–244 10.1016/j.clay.2006.10.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Post, J.E. and Heaney, P. J., 2008 Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite American Mineralogist 93 667–675 10.2138/am.2008.2590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, L.E. Quirk, J. and Norrish, K., 1956 Occurrence of an aluminium-sepiolite in a soil having unusual water relationships Journal of Soil Science 7 177–184 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1956.tb00873.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santaren, J. Sanz, J. and Ruitz-Hitzky, E., 1990 Structural fluorine in sepiolite Clays and Clay Minerals 38 63–68 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serna, C. Rautureau, M. Prost, R. Tchoubar, C. and Serratosa, J.M., 1977 Etude de la sépiolite a l’aide des données d ela micrsocopie é lectroniqe, de l’analyse thermopondérale etde la spectroscopie infrarouge Bulletin Groupe Française de Argiles XXVI 153–163.Google Scholar
Siddiki, M.H.K., Singer, A. and Galán, E., 1984 Occurrence of palygorskite in the Deccan Trap formation in India Palygorskite-Sepiolite, Ocurrences, Genesis and Uses Amsterdam Elsevier 243–250.Google Scholar
Singer, A. and Norrish, K., 1974 Pedogenic palygorskite occurrences in Australia American Mineralogist 59 508–517.Google Scholar
Singer, A. Stahr, K. and Zarei, M., 1998 Characteristics and origin of sepiolite (Meerschaum) from Central Somalia Clay Minerals 33 349–362 10.1180/000985598545525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, G., 1976 Falcondoite, a nickel analogue of sepiolite The Canadian Mineralogist 14 407–408.Google Scholar
Suárez, M. and García-Romero, E., 2006 Macroscopic palygorskite form Lisbom Volcanic Complex European Journal of Mineralogy 18 119–126 10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez, M. Robert, M. Elsass, F. and Martín Pozas, J.M., 1994 Evidence of a precursor in the neoformation of palygorskite - new data by analytical electron microscopy Clay Minerals 29 255–264 10.1180/claymin.1994.029.2.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez, M. García-Romero, E. and Sánchez del Río, M., 2006 Aproximación a la composición química de la palygorskita a partir de los datos de difracción de rayos-x Macla 6 467–470.Google Scholar
Suárez, M. García-Romero, E. Sánchez del Río, M. Martinetto, P. and Dooryhée, E., 2007 The effectof the octahedral cations on the dimensions of the palygorskite cell Clay Minerals 42 287–297 10.1180/claymin.2007.042.3.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taulet, E. Proenza, J.A. Galí, S. Lewis, J.F. Labrador, M. García-Romero, E. Suárez, M. Longo, F. and Bloise, G., 2009 Ni-sepiolite falcondoite in garnierite mineralization from Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit, Dominica Republic Clay Minerals 44 431–450.Google Scholar
Tien, P.L., 1973 Palygorskite from Warren Quarry, Enderby, Leicestershire, England Clay Minerals 10 27–34 10.1180/claymin.1973.010.1.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres Ruíz, J. López-Galindo, A. González-López, J.M. and Delgado, A., 1994 Geochemistry of Spanish sepiolitepalygorskite deposits: Genetic considerations based on trace elements and isotopes Chemical Geology 112 221–245 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90026-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verrecchia, E.P. and Le Coustumer, M.N., 1996 Occurrence and genesis of palygorskite and associated clay minerals in a Pleistocene calcrete Complex, Sde Boqer, Negev Desert, Israel Clay Minerals 31 183–202 10.1180/claymin.1996.031.2.04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, E., Singer, A. and Galán, E., 1984 Origin and geologic implications of the palygorskite deposits of S.E. United States Palygorskite-Sepiolite, Ocurrences, Genesis and Uses Amsterdam Elsevier 39–58.Google Scholar
Weaver, C.E. and Polland, L.D., 1973 The Chemistry of Clay Minerals Amsterdam Elsevier.Google Scholar
Yalçin, H. and Bozkaya, , 2004 Ultramafic rock hosted vein sepiolite occurrences in the Ankara ophiolitic mélange, Central Anatolia, Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 52 227–239 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaaboub, N. Abdeljaouad, S. and López-Galíndo, A., 2005 Origin of fibrous clays in Tunisian Paleogene continental deposits Journal of African Earth Sciences 43 491–504 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.08.013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar