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Natural Clay-Sized Glauconite in the Neogene Deposits of the Campine Basin (Belgium)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

R. Adriaens ,
N. Vandenberghe  and
J. Elsen
R. Adriaens*
Affiliation:
Applied Geology and Mineralogy, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
N. Vandenberghe
Affiliation:
Applied Geology and Mineralogy, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
J. Elsen
Affiliation:
Applied Geology and Mineralogy, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Natural clay-sized glauconite has the same mineralogical composition as sand-sized glauconite pellets but occurs in <2 μm clay fractions. This particular glauconite habit has been described previously from soil environments resulting from pelletal weathering but is rarely reported in higher-energy sedimentary environments. In the present study, clay-sized glauconite was identified as a common constituent in transgressive Neogene glauconite pellet-rich deposits of the southern North Sea in Belgium. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the characteristics of the clay-sized glauconite are very similar to the associated glauconite pellets in sand deposits. Both glauconite types consisted of two glauconite-smectite R1 phases with generally small percentages of expandable layers (<30%) with d060 values ranging between 1.513 Å and 1.519 Å. Clay-sized glauconite was not neoformed but formed by the disintegration of sand-sized glauconite pellets which were abraded or broken up during short-distance transport within the sedimentary basin or over the hinterland. Even in an environment where authigenic glauconite pellets occur, minimal transport over transgressive surfaces is sufficient to produce clay-sized glauconite. Furthermore, clay-sized glauconite can be eroded from marine deposits and subsequently resedimented in estuarine deposits. Clay-sized glauconite is, therefore, a proxy for the transport intensity of pelletal glauconite in energetic depositional environments and, moreover, indicates reworking in such deposits which lack pelletal glauconite.

Keywords

BelgiumClay-sized GlauconiteNeogeneTransport
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 62 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 35 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2014

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