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Mineralogy, Crystallinity, O18/O16, and D/H of Georgia Kaolins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Ali Asghar Hassanipak  and
Eric Eslinger
Ali Asghar Hassanipak*
Affiliation:
School of Geophysical Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Eric Eslinger*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, West Georgia College, Carrollton, Georgia 30117
*
1Present address: Department of Mining Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2Present address: Cities Service Oil and Gas Corporation, Technology Center, Box 3908, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74102.
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Abstract

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Mineralogy, kaolin crystallinity, Fe content, δO18, and δD were determined for late Cretaceous “soft” and early Tertiary “hard” Georgia kaolins. The crystallinity of the <0.5-, 0.5–1.0-, and 1.0–2.0- μm size fractions of soft kaolins was higher than that of equivalent size fractions of hard kaolins. δO18 and δD of the soft and hard kaolins ranged between 18.5 to 23.1‰, and −64 to −41‰, respectively, and could not be used to discriminate soft from hard kaolins. The trends of crystallinity vs. δO18 were different for kaolins collected at different localities, and, for a given sample, δO18 generally decreased with increasing crystallinity and with increasing crystallite size. These data indicate that the Tertiary kaolins could not have been simply derived from the Cretaceous kaolins by winnowing unless post-sedimentation recrystallization of one or both occurred. δD vs. δO18 systematics indicate that the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Georgia kaolins crystallized over a temperature range of about 15°C in the presence of waters that varied little in isotopic composition.

Резюме

Резюме

Были определены минералогия, степень кристаллизации каолина, содержание Fе, δО18, и δD для “мягкого” позднемелового и “твердого” раннетретичного джорджийских каолинов. Кристальность фракций мягких каолинов размером <0,5-, 0,5-1,0-, и 1,0–2,0-рт была выше, чем кристальной» эквивалентных по размеру фракций твердых каолинов. δО18 и δD мягких и твердых каолинов колебались от 18,5 до 23,1% и от 64% до 41% соответственно и не могли быть использованы для распознавания мягких каолинов от твердых. Характер зависимости кристальности от δО18 был разный для каолинов, отобранных из разных мест, и для данного образца δО18 в основном уменьшается при увеличении кристальности и при увеличении размера кристаллитов. Эти данные указывают на то, что третичные каолины не могли просто формироваться из меловых каолинов путем механического фракционирования пока не произошла послеседиментационная перекристаллизация одного типа или обоих. δD в зависимости от δО18 показывают, что позднемеловые и раннетретичные каолины кристаллизировались в диапазоне изменений температуры около 15°С в присутствии вод, незначительно отличающихся по составу изотопов. [Е.G.]

Resümee

Resümee

Es wurde die Mineralogie, die Kaolinkristallinität, der Fe-Gehalt, die δO18- und δD-Werte an “weichen” Georgia-Kaolinen aus der späten Kreide und an “harten” Georgia-Kaolinen aus dem frühen Tertiär untersucht. Die Kristallinität der weichen Kaoline der Fraktionen <0,5; 0,5–1,0, und 1,0–2,0 μm war besser als die der entsprechenden Kornfraktionen der harten Kaoline. δO18 und δD der weichen und harten Kaoline lag zwischen 18,5 und 23,1‰ bzw. zwischen −64 bis −41‰ und konnte nicht zur Unterscheidung zwischen weichem und hartem Kaolin verwendet werden. Wurde die Kristallinität gegen δO18 aufgetragen, so waren die Trands für Kaoline von verschiedenen Vorkommen verschieden, und—bei einer gegebenen Probe—nahm der δO18-Wert im allgemeinen mit zunehmender Kristallinität und mit zunehmender Kristallgröße ab. Diese Daten deuten darauf hin, daß die tertiären Kaoline nicht einfach durch Sortierung aus den Kaolinen der Kreide entstanden sein können, ohne daß eine postsedimentäre Rekristallisation des einen oder beider Kaoline eintrat. Darstellungen von δD gegen δO18 zeigen, daß die spätkretazischen bis frühtertiären Georgia-Kaoline über einen Temperaturbereich von etwa 15üC in Gegenwart von Wässern kristallisierten, die in ihrer Isotopenzusammensetzung in geringem Maße variierten. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

On a déterminé la minéralogie, la cristallinité de Kaolin, le contenu en Fe, δO18, et δD pour des kaolins de Georgie “mous” du bas Crétacé et “durs” du haut Tertiaire. La cristallinité de fractions de taille <0,5, 0,5–1,0 et 1,0–2,0 μm de kaolins mous était plus élevée que celle de fractions de tailles equivalentes de kaolins durs. δO18 et δD des kaolins mous et durs s’étendaient entre 18,5 à 23,1‰, et −64 à −41‰ respectivement, et ne pouvaient pas être employés pour discriminer entre les kaolins mous et les kaolins durs. Les tendances de cristallinité vs. δO18 étaient différentes pour les kaolins rassemblés à des localités différentes, et, pour un échantillon donné, δ18 diminuait généralement proportionnellement à une augmentation de cristallinité et à une augmentation de la taille de la cristallinité. Ces données indiquent que les kaolins Tertiaires ne peuvent pas être simplement dérivés des kaolins Crétacés, par ruissellement à moins que la recristallisation de l'un ou l'autre ne se soit produite. Les systématiques de δD vs. δO18 indiquent que les kaolins de Géorgie du bas Crétacé au haut Tertiaire se sont cristallisés sur une étendue de températures d’à peu près 15°C en la présence d'eaux qui ont varié peu de composition isotopique. [D.J.]

Keywords

CrystallinityHardnessIsotopeKaolinOriginOxygen isotopes
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , April 1985 , pp. 99 - 106
Copyright
Copyright © 1985, The Clay Minerals Society

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