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Mineralogical Evolution of the Paleogene Formations in the Kyzyltokoy Basin, Kyrgyzstan: Implications for the Formation of Glauconite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Tursunai Bektemirova ,
Apas Bakirov ,
Ruizhong Hu ,
Hongping He ,
Yuanfeng Cai ,
Wei Tan  and
Aiqing Chen
Tursunai Bektemirova*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550002, Guiyang, China CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Institute of Geology, Kyrgyz National Academy of Science, 30 Erkindik Avenue, Bishkek 720481, Kyrgyzstan
Apas Bakirov
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Kyrgyz National Academy of Science, 30 Erkindik Avenue, Bishkek 720481, Kyrgyzstan
Ruizhong Hu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guizhou 550002, Guiyang, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Hongping He
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Yuanfeng Cai
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Wei Tan
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Aiqing Chen
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Although several hypotheses for the formation of glauconite have been proposed, the sedimentary environment and mechanism of glauconitization are still poorly understood. In this contribution, the mineralogy and chemical compositions of sediments from Paleogene formations (Fms) in the Kyzyltokoy basin (Kyrgyzstan) were examined to better understand glauconitization processes. The samples were analyzed using microscopic petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Interlayered diatomite-argillaceous rocks were newly identified within the diatomites of the Isfara Fm. Glauconite from the Kyzyltokoy basin displayed two stages of maturity: 1) early stage (nascent) glauconite grains composed of ∼3.5% K2O and ~8% FeOT; 2) late-stage (highly evolved) glauconite grains composed of 7–9% K2O and ~27% FeOT. The early stage glauconite grains in the Hanabad Fm green clay (green clay is clay with a greenish color) indicate interruptions in glauconitization processes, whereas the (highly) evolved glauconite grains show a completed glauconitization process along the contact between the Hanabad and Sumsar Fms. Hematite was detected in the red clay (clay with reddish color) of the Sumsar Fm and probably formed by glauconite disintegration. Accordingly, the Paleogene Fms depositional conditions were of three types: 1) beginning of glauconitization with interruptions, 2) completion of glauconitization, and 3) glauconite disintegration. Glauconitization in the Kyzyltokoy basin, thus, likely occurred via a combination of dissolution, precipitation, and recrystallization processes.

Keywords

Crystallo-chemical FormulaGlauconiteMaturityMineralogyPaleogene FormationsSedimentary Environment
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , February 2018 , pp. 43 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2018

Footnotes

This paper was originally presented during the 3rd Asian Clay Conference, November 2016, in Guangzhou, China

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