Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T20:08:00.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Microstructure of Dilute Clay and Humic Acid Suspensions Revealed by Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy: Discussion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Hojatollah Vali
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2A7
Reinhard Hesse
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2A7
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Notes
Copyright
Copyright © 1992, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Bachmann, L., Steinbrecht, R. A. and Zierold, K., 1987 Freeze-etching of dispersion, emulsions and macromolecular solution of biological interest Cryotechniques in Biological Electron Microscopy Berlin/Heidelberg/New York Chapter 9, Springer-Verlag 192204 10.1007/978-3-642-72815-0_9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachmann, L. and Schmitt, W. W., 1971 Improved cryofixation applicable to freeze-etching Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 68 21492152 10.1073/pnas.68.9.2149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costello, M. J. and Corless, J. M., 1978 The direct measurement of temperature changes with freeze-fracture specimens during quenching in liquid coolants J. Microsc. 112 1737 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1978.tb01151.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gu, B. and Doner, H. E., 1992 The microstructure of dilute clay and humic acid suspensions revealed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy Clays & Clay Minerals 40 246250 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menco, B. P. M., 1986 A survey of ultra-rapid cryofixation method with particular emphasis on application to freeze-fracturing, freeze-etching and freeze-substitution J. Electro Microsc. Tech. 4 117240.Google Scholar
Moor, H., Kistler, J., and Müller, M., (1976) Freezing in a propane jet: Experientia 32, 805.Google Scholar
Moor, H., 1964 Die Gefrierfixation lebender Zellen und ihre Anwendung in der Elektronmikroskopie Z. Zellforschung 62 546580 10.1007/BF00338850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, M., Meister, N. and Moor, H., 1980 Freezing in a propane jet and its application in freeze-fracturing Mikro-scopie (Wien) 36 129140.Google Scholar
Plattner, H. and Bachmann, L., 1982 Cryofixation: A tool in biological ultrastructural research Int. Rev. Cytol. 79 237304 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61676-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pscheid, P., Schudt, C. and Plattner, H., 1981 Cryofixation of monolayer cell cultures for freeze-fracturing without chemical pretreatments J. Microsc. 121 149167 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1981.tb01208.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riehle, U., 1968 Schnellgefrieren organischer Präparate für die Elektronenmikroskopie Chem Ing. Techn. 40 213218 10.1002/cite.330400504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riehle, U., Hoechli, M., Benedetti, E. L. and Favard, P., 1973 The theory and technique of high pressure freezing Freeze-etching, Techniques and Applications Paris Soc. Franc. Microsc. Electron 3161.Google Scholar
Robards, A. W., and Sleytr, U. B., (1985) Low temperature methods in biological electron microscopy: in Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy, 10, A. M. Glauert, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford.Google Scholar
Vali, H. and Bachmann, L., 1988 Ultrastructure and flow behaviour of colloidal smectite dispersions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 126 278291 10.1016/0021-9797(88)90122-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vali, H., Hesse, R. and Kohler, E., 1991 Combined freeze-etch replicas and HRTEM images as tools to study fundamental particles and multiphase nature of 2:1 layer silicates Amer. Mineral. 76 19531964.Google Scholar
van Olphen, H., 1977 An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry 2nd ed. New York John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
van Olphen, H. and Güven, N., 1989 Fundamental aspects of the stability and rheology of clay suspension Rheology of Clay/Water Systems Sacramento, California Clay Minerals Society 124.Google Scholar