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Mechanism of Adsorption and Desorption of Water Vapor by Homoionic Montmorillonites: 2. The Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+-Exchanged Forms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Isabelle Bérend ,
Jean-Maurice Cases ,
Michèle François ,
Jean-Pierre Uriot ,
Laurent Michot ,
Armand Masion  and
Fabien Thomas
Isabelle Bérend
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environment et Minéralurgie et UA 235 du CNRS, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
Jean-Maurice Cases
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environment et Minéralurgie et UA 235 du CNRS, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
Michèle François
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environment et Minéralurgie et UA 235 du CNRS, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
Jean-Pierre Uriot
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherches Pétrographique et Géochimique, BP.20, Vandœuvre, France
Laurent Michot
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environment et Minéralurgie et UA 235 du CNRS, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
Armand Masion
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environment et Minéralurgie et UA 235 du CNRS, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
Fabien Thomas
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environment et Minéralurgie et UA 235 du CNRS, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre Cedex, France
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Abstract

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Methods previously used to distinguish between water adsorbed on external surfaces and in the interlamellar space of Na-montmorillonite during adsorption and desorption of water vapor have been extended to a set of homoionic Li-, Na-, K-, Rb- and Cs-montmorillonite. The textural and structural features have been investigated at different stages of hydration and dehydration using controlled-rate thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption volumetry, water adsorption gravimetry, immersion microcalorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction under controlled humidity conditions. During hydration, the size of the quasi-crystals decreases from 33 layers to 8 layers for Na-montmorillonite and from 25 layers to 10 layers for K-montmorillonite, but remains stable around 8–11 layers for Cs-montmorillonite. Each homoionic species leads to a one-layer hydrate, which starts forming at specific values of water vapor relative pressure. Li-, Na- and K-montmorillonite can form a two-layer hydrate. By comparing experimental X-ray diffraction patterns with theoretically simulated ones, the evolution of structural characteristics of montmorillonites during hydration or desorption can be described. Using structural and textural data, it is shown that during adsorption: (1) the rate of filling of interlamellar space of the one layer hydrate increases with the relative pressure but decreases with the size of the cations; and (2) the different hydrated states are never homogeneous.

Keywords

AdsorptionDesorptionExchangeable cationsImmersion microcalorimetryMontmorilloniteRelative humiditySurface areaXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 43 , Issue 3 , June 1995 , pp. 324 - 336
Copyright
Copyright © 1995, The Clay Minerals Society

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