Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T23:01:00.770Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Layer Charge Characteristics of Smectites in Salt-Affected Soils in Alberta, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Connie K. Kohut
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2E3
M. J. Dudas
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2E3
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The layer charge characteristics of expanding phyllosilicates in four salt-affected soils in Alberta, Canada were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis of alkylammonium saturated samples. The layer charge was found to be lower and more heterogeneous than previously reported for non-saline Alberta soils, with the mean layer charge ranging between 0.261 to 0.339 tool (—)/O10(OH)2. Layer charge characteristics varied inconsistently with location, depth and particle size, likely the result of both different origins and weathering processes. Different degrees of K depletion from the micaceous component after equilibration with alkylammonium compounds may also account for some variability between samples. Extreme broadening and essential disappearance of smectite diffraction maxima was noted for some samples after intercalation with alkylammonium cations of all carbon chain lengths, indicating unusual alteration of the layer charge characteristics in some salt-affected soils.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1995, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Abder-Ruhman, M., 1980. Mineralogical characteristics of soils from east central Alberta: M.Sc. thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. U., 1963. An improved pretreatment for mineralogical analysis of samples containing organic matter. Clays & Clay Miner. 10: 380388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudas, M. J., and Pawluk, S. 1982 . Reevaluation of the occurrence of interstratified clays and other phyllosilicates in southern Alberta soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 62: 6169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harward, M. E., Carstea, D. D., and Sayegh, A. H. 1969 . Properties of vermiculites and smectites: Expansion and collapse. Clays & Clay Miner. 16: 437447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M. L., 1979. Soil Chemical Analysis: An Advanced Course. 2nd edition, 11th printing. Madison, Wisconsin: Published by the author.Google Scholar
Jaynes, W. F., and Bigham, J. M. 1987 . Charge reduction, octahedral charge and lithium retention in heated, Li-saturated smectites. Clays & Clay Miner. 35: 440448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klages, M. G., and Southard, A. R. 1968 . Weathering of montmorillonite during formation of a solodic soil and associated soils. Soil Sci. 106: 363368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kodama, H., 1979. Clay minerals in Canadian soils: Their origin, distribution and alteration. Can. J. Soil Sci. 59: 3785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohut, C. K., and Dudas, M. J. 1994a . Characteristics of clay minerals in saline alkaline soils in Alberta, Canada. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohut, C. K., and Dudas, M. J. 1994b . Comparison of immiscibly displaced soil solutions and saturated paste extracts from saline soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 74: 409419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagaly, G., 1981. Characterization of clays by organic compounds. Clay Miner. 16: 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagaly, G., 1992. Layer charge determination by alkylammonium ions. In Layer Charge Characteristics of Clays. Mermut, A. R., convener, CMS and SSSA, pre-meeting workshop, Oct. 31, 1992, Minneapolis, MN.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G., and Weiss, A. The layer charge of smectitic layer silicates. In Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Bailey, S. W., 1976 ed. Mexico City, 16–23 July 1975. Wilmette, Illinois: Applied Publishing, 157172.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G., and Weiss, A. Determination of the layer charge in mica-type layer silicates. In Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Heller, L., 1969 ed., Vol 1. Jerusalem: Israel University Press, 6190.Google Scholar
Laird, D. A., 1987. Layer charge and crystalline swelling of expanding 2: 1 phyllosilicates: Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, Diss. Abstr. DA8716784.Google Scholar
Laird, D. A., Scott, A. D., and Fenton, T. E. 1987 . Interpretation of alkylammonium characterization of soil clays. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 51: 16591663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D. A., Fenton, T. E., and Scott, A. D. 1988 . Layer charge of smectites in an Argiboroll-Argiaquoll sequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 52: 463467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, D. T., and Drew, J. V. 1973 . Slick spots in southeastern Nebraska—Patterns and genesis. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 37: 600606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J. G., and Zwarich, M. A. 1972 . Recognition of interstratified clays. Clays & Clay Miner. 20: 169174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, D. A., 1992. Layer charge characteristics of soil smectites in the Carrizo Plain, California: Ph.D. dissertation. Dec. 1992, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Ross, G. J., and Kodama, H. 1986 . Layer charge characteristics of expandable clays from soils. Trans. XIII Congress of International Soc. Soil Sci. 5, Hamburg, Germany Aug. 1986, 335370.Google Scholar
Ross, G. J., and Kodama, H. 1993 . X-ray diffraction characteristics and related properties of smectites in some Canadian soils. Can. J. Soil. Sci. 73: 93102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruhlicke, G., and Kohler, E. E. 1981 . A simplified procedure for determining layer charge by the N-alkylammonium method. Clay Miner. 16: 305307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senkayi, A. L., Dixon, J. B., Hossner, L. R., and Kippenberger, L. A. 1985 . Layer charge evaluation of expandable soil clays by an alkylammonium method. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 49: 10541060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stul, M. S., and Mortier, W. J. 1974 . The heterogeneity of the charge density in montmorillonites. Clays & Clay Miner. 22: 391396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiesen, A. A., and Harward, M. E. 1962 . A paste method for the preparation of slides for clay mineral identification. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26: 9091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, C. J., Dudas, M. J., and Abboud, S. A. 1992 . Effects of acidification on the chemical composition and layer charge of smectite from calcareous till. Clays & Clay Miner. 40: 731739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittig, L. D., 1959. Characteristics and genesis of a Solodized-Solonetz of California. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 23: 469473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar