Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T20:04:04.075Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Kaolinite: NMF Intercalates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Philippa J. R. Uwins
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
Ian D. R. Mackinnon
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
John G. Thompson
Affiliation:
Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
Anya J. E. Yago
Affiliation:
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Bulk and size-fractionated kaolinites from seven localities in Australia as well as the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays Georgia KGa-1 and KGa-2 have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser scattering, and electron microscopy in order to understand the variation of particle characteristics across a range of environments and to correlate specific particle characteristics with intercalation behavior. All kaolinites have been intercalated with N-methyl (NMF) after pretreatment with hydrazine hydrate, and the relative efficiency of intercalation has been determined using XRD. Intercalate yields of kaolinite: NMF are consistently low for bulk samples that have a high proportion of small-sized particles (i.e., <0.5 µm) and for biphased kaolinites with a high percentage (>60%) of low-defect phase. In general, particle size appears to be a more significant controlling factor than defect distribution in determining the relative yield of kaolinite: NMF intercalate.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Brindley, G. W., Kao, C.-C. Harrison, J. L., Lipsicas, M. and Raythatha, R., 1986 Relation between structural disorder and other characteristics of kaolinites and dickites Clays & Clay Minerals 34 239249 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bookin, A. S., Drits, V. A., Plançon, A. and Tchoubar, C., 1989 Stacking faults in kaolin minerals in the light of real structural features Clays & Clay Minerals 37 297307 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, R. M. and Chih, H., 1971 Complexes of halloysite with organic compounds Clay Miner. 9 153166 10.1180/claymin.1971.009.2.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanzo, P. M. and Giese, R. F. Jr., 1990 Ordered and disordered organic intercalates of 8.4A, synthetically hydrated kaolinite Clays & Clay Miners 38 160170 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Fernandez-Gonzalez, M., Weiss, A. and Lagaly, G., 1976 Uber das verhalten nordwest-spanischer kaoline bei der bildung von einlagerungsverbindungen Keramische Zeitschrift 2 5558.Google Scholar
Fripiat, J. J. and van Olphen, H., 1979 Data Handbook for Clay Materials and other Non-metallic Minerals New York Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Garcia, S. and Sanchez-Camazano, M., 1968 Differentiation of kaolinite from chlorite by treatment with dimethylsulfoxide Clay Miner. 7 447450 10.1180/claymin.1968.007.4.08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassanipak, A. A. and Eslinger, E., 1985 Mineralogy, crys-tallinity, O18/O16, and D/H of Georgia kaolins Clays & Clay Minerals 33 99106 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinckley, D. N., 1963 Variability in “crystallinity” values among the kaolin deposits of the coastal plain of Georgia and South Georgia Clays & Clay Minerals 11 229235 10.1346/CCMN.1962.0110122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, G., Russell, J. D. and Keller, W. D., 1987 Compositional and structural variations in the size fractions of a sedimentary and hydrothermal kaolin Clays & Clay Minerals 35 321335 10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackinnon, I D R Uwins, P J R and Yago, A. J. E., 1993 Kaolinite particle sizes in the <2 µm range using laser scattering Clays & Clay Minerals 41 613623 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H. H. and Lyons, S. C., 1956 Correlation of paper-coating quality with degree of crystal perfection of kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 4 3140 10.1346/CCMN.1955.0040105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S., Aylmore, L A G Posner, A. M. and Quirk, J. P., 1968 Infrared spectra of kaolin mineral-dimethyl sulfoxide complexes Jour. Phys. Chem. 72 241249 10.1021/j100847a045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olivier, J. P. and Sennett, P., 1973 Particle size-shape relationships in Georgia sedimentary kaolins-II Clays & Clay Minerals 21 403412 10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A., Gies, R. F. Jr. Snyder, R., Dritts, V. A. and Bookin, A. S., 1989 Stacking faults in the kaolin-group minerals: Defect structures of kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 37 203210 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plançon, A. and Zacherie, C., 1990 An expert system for the structural characterization of kaolinites Clay Miner. 25 249260 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.3.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidheswaran, P., Bhat, A. N. and Ganguli, P., 1990 Intercalation of salts of fatty acids into kaolinite Clays & Clay Minerals 38 2932 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanner, C. B. and Jackson, M. L., 1947 Nomographs of sedimentation times for soil particles under gravity or centrifugal acceleration Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 11 6065.Google Scholar
Tettenhorst, R. T. and Corbato, C. E., 1986 Properties of a sized and ground kaolinite Clay Miner. 21 971976 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.5.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theng, B. K. G., 1974 Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions London Hilger 343.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. G., 1984 Interpretation of solid-state l3C and 29Si NMR spectra of kaolinite intercalates Clays & Clay Minerals 19 229236 10.1180/claymin.1984.019.2.09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. G. and Cuff, C., 1985 Crystal structure of kaolinite: dimethylsulfoxide intercalate Clays & Clay Minerals 33 490500 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. G., Uwins, P J R Whittaker, A. K. and Mackinnon, I. D. R., 1992 The structural and chemical characterization of kaolinite: NaCl intercalate and its derivatives Clays & Clay Minerals 40 369380 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, K., 1959a Oriented penetration of ionic compounds between the silicate layers of halloysite Amer. Mineral. 44 153165.Google Scholar
Wada, K., 1959b An interlayer complex of halloysite with ammonium chloride Amer. Mineral. 44 12371247.Google Scholar
Wada, K., 1961 Lattice expansion of kaolin minerals by treatment with potassium acetate Amer. Mineral. 46 7891.Google Scholar
Wada, K. and Yamada, H., 1968 Hydrazine intercalation-intersalation for differentiation of kaolin minerals from chlorites Amer. Mineral. 53 334339.Google Scholar
Weiss, A., Theilepape, W., Ritter, W., Schafer, H. and Goring, G., 1963 Zur Kenntnis von Hydrazin-Kaolinit Zeit. anorg. allgem. Chem. 320 183204 10.1002/zaac.19633200122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar