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Intercalation of Tetraalkylammonium Cations into Smectites and Its Application to Internal Surface Area Measurements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Louis Mercier  and
Christian Detellier
Louis Mercier
Affiliation:
Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, University of Ottawa Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
Christian Detellier
Affiliation:
Ottawa-Carleton Chemistry Institute, University of Ottawa Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Abstract

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Monolayer to bilayer (MTB) and bilayer to pseudotrimolecular (BTP) transitions were observed for smectites exchanged with symmetrical tetraalkylammonium cations of increasing sizes: +NR4, where R = (CH2)nCH3, with 0 ≤ n ≤ 7. In the case of SWy-1, SHCa-1 and SWa-1, the variation in layer spacing observed from intercalation of tetramethylammonium up to tetraoctylammonium cations showed a behavior characteristic of smectites with homogeneously distributed interlayer cations. In the case of STx-1, the change in interlayer spacing with the increase of the alkyl chain length was characteristic of a very high charge heterogeneity. Higher charge smectites (SAz-1 and SCa-3, CEC > 1.20 mmol/g) were found to have decreasing cation exchange with increasing cation size, resulting in a "leveling off’ of the interlayer spacing toward larger cations. The MTB and BTP transitions were used to determine the internal surface area of various smectites. The proposed method was found to be a quicker and simpler alternative to the polar liquid sorption method for this measurement, but was ineffective for high-charge smectites (CEC > 1.20 mmol/g).

Keywords

HectoriteIntercalationInternal surface areaMontmorilloniteQuaternary ammonium cationsSmectiteTetraalkylammonium cations
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 71 - 76
Copyright
Copyright © 1994, Clay Minerals Society

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