Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T23:07:37.146Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Intercalation of Benzamide into Expanded Kaolinite Under Ambient Environmental Conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

B. P. Kelleher  and
T. F. O'Dwyer
B. P. Kelleher
Affiliation:
Chemical and Environmental Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
T. F. O'Dwyer*
Affiliation:
Chemical and Environmental Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Waste kaolinite from a fertilizer industry was intercalated with n-methylformamide (NMF) under ambient conditions. The complex was washed, characterized and then reacted with benzamide (dissolved in ethanol) under similar conditions. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), clear evidence of benzamide intercalation was observed after a reaction time of 48 h. The FTIR and DTA analysis also confirmed that the ethanol was not involved in the intercalation and that both NMF and benzamide are present in the interlayer region.

Keywords

BenzamideEthanolIntercalationKaoliniten-methylformamide
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , June 2002 , pp. 331 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Camazano, M.S. and Garcia, S.G., (1966) Interlayer complexes of kaolinite and halloysite with polar liquids Anales de Edafologia y Agrobiologia 25 9 25.Google Scholar
Cruz, M. Jacobs, J. and Fripiat, J.J., (1972) The nature of the cohesion energy in kaolin minerals International Clay Conference, Preprints 1 59 70.Google Scholar
Frost, R.L. and Vassallo, A.M., (1996) The dehydroxylation of the kaolinite clay minerals using infrared emission spectroscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 44 635–651 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardolinski, J.E. Peralta-Zamora, P. and Wypch, F., (1999) Preparation and characterization of a kaolinite-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone intercalation compound Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 211 137–141 10.1006/jcis.1998.5982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giese, R.F., (1973) Interlayer bonding in kaolinite, dickite and nacrite Clays and Clay Minerals 21 145–149 10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guimaraes, J.L. Peralta-Zamora, P. and Wypch, F., (1998) Covalent grafting of phenylphosphonate groups onto the interlamellar aluminol surfaces of kaolinite Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 206 281–287 10.1006/jcis.1998.5728.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komari, Y. and Sugahara, Y., (1998) A kaolinite-NMF-methanol intercalation compound as a versatile intermediate for further intercalation reaction of kaolinite Journal of Material Research 13 930–934 10.1557/JMR.1998.0128.10.1557/JMR.1998.0128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S. Posner, A.M. Quirk, J.P. and Aylmore, L.A.G., (1968) Infrared spectra of kaolin mineral-dimethyl sulfoxide complexes Journal of Physical Chemistry 72 241–249 10.1021/j100847a045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Olphen, H. (1977) Interaction of Clays with Organic Compounds. In An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 187 pp.Google Scholar
Weiss, A. Thielepape, W. and Orth, H., (1968) Neue Kaolinit-Einlagerungsverbindungen Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Jerusalem 1 277 293.Google Scholar
Wolfe, R.W. and Giese, R.F., (1974) The interlayer bonding in one-layer kaolin structures Clays and Clay Minerals 22 139–140 10.1346/CCMN.1974.0220119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, R.A. and Hewat, A.W., (1988) Verification of the triclinic crystal structure of kaolinite Clays and Clay Minerals 36 225–229 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar