Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-767nl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T02:36:00.306Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Imogolite and Allophane Formed in Saprolite of Basalt on Maui, Hawaii

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

K. Wada ,
T. Henmi ,
N. Yoshinaga  and
S. H. Patterson
K. Wada
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
T. Henmi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
N. Yoshinaga
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
S. H. Patterson
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Inorganic gel and allophane collected from basaltic saprolite on Maui, Hawaii, and studied by Patterson in 1964 were reexamined. The main constituent of the gel is imogolite, and gibbsite and allophane are the minor constituents. Electron and X-ray diffraction patterns, DTA curve, and an infrared spectrum of the gel are characteristic of imogolite. The allophane is virtually noncrystalline to X-rays but contains a small amount of imogolite in relatively short threads. High-resolution electron micrographs indicate differences in structural organization between allophane and imogolite and suggest crystallization of imogolite from allophane.

The occurrence of imogolite as a weathering product has been reported in many localities from pyroclastic materials but not from massive rocks. Probably the exceptionally high rainfall, excellent subsurface permeability of the weathered material, and the low pH and high organic content of the leaching solution provide favorable conditions for formation of imogolite from basalt on Maui.

Résumé

Résumé

Un gel minéral et une allophane recueillis dans une saprolite basaltique de Maui, Hawaii, et étudiés par Patterson en 1964, ont fait l’objet d’un nouvel examen. Le constituant principal du gel est l’imogolite, et la gibbsite et l’allophane en sont des constituants mineurs. Les diagrammes de diffraction électronique et de rayons X, la courbe d’ATD et le spectre infrarouge du gel sont caractéristiques de l’imogolite. L’allophane est virtuellement amorphe aux rayons X, mais elle contient une petite quantité d’imogolite en aiguilles relativement courtes. Les micrographies électroniques à haute résolution indiquent des différences dans l’organisation structurale de l’allophane et de l’imogolite et suggèrent que l’imogolite a cristallisé à partir de l’allophane.

Kurzreferat

Kurzreferat

Anorganisches Gel und Allophan, erhalten aus basaltischem Saprolit auf Maui, Hawaii, und studiert von Patterson im Jahre 1964, wurde neu untersucht. Der Hauptbestandteil des Gels ist Imogolit, und die untergeordneten Bestandteile sind Gibbsit und Allophan. Die Elektron- und Röntgenbeugungsmuster, DTA Kurve und ein Ultrarotspektrum des Gels sind kennzeichnend für Imogolit. Das Allophan ist praktisch unkristallin gegenüber Röntgenstrahlen, erthält jedoch eine kleine Menge von Imogolit in verhältnismässig kurzen Fasern. Elektronmikrographien mit hoher Auflösung zeigen Unterschiede in der Gefügeanordnung zwischen Allophan und Imogolit und deuten auf mögliche Kristallisation von Imogolit aus Allophan.

Резюме

Резюме

Повторно рассматривались неорганический гель и аллофан, найденных на базальтовых сапропелитах в Мави, Гавайи, которые исследовались в 1964 г. Паттерсоном. Главный компонент геля — имоголит, а гиббсит и аллофан являются второстепенными компонентами. Электронограмма; дифракционная картина; кривая дифференциального термического анализа и инфракрасный спектр геля характерны для имоголита. По рентгенограмме видно, что аллофан почти что некристаллической структуры, но содержит малое количество волокнистного имоголита. Электронные микроснимки показывают разницу структурной организации аллофана и имоголита и наводят на мысль, что имоголит образовался от кристаллизации аллофана.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 20 , Issue 6 , December 1972 , pp. 375 - 380
Copyright
Copyright © 1972, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The name imogolite was approved by AIPEA Nomenclature Committee at its Tokyo meeting (Clays and Clay Minerals 19, 131 (1971).

References

Aomine, S., Inoue, A. and Mizota, C. (1972) Imogoliteof Chilean volcanic ash soils: Clay Sci. 4 (In press).Google Scholar
Aomine, S. and Miyauchi, N., (1965) Imogolite of Imogolayers in Kyushu Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 11 212–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aomine, S. and Mizota, C., (1972) Distribution and genesis of imogolite in volcanic ash soils of northern Kanto, Japan [Abst.] 1972 Internat. Clay Conf., Madrid, Spain 103–104.Google Scholar
Bates, T. F., (1962) Halloysite and gibbsite formation in Hawaii Clays and Clay Minerals 9 315–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besoain, M. E., (1969) Imogolite in volcanic soils of Chile Geoderma 2 151–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ClaysClay Minerals, (1971) Summary of national and international recommendations on clay mineral nomenclature Clays and Clay Minerals 19 129–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colmet-Daage, F., (1969) Nature of the clay fraction of some volcanic ash soils of the Antilles, Ecuador and Nicaragua: Panel on Volcanic Ash Soils in Latin America, Training Research Center of IAAIS B2 1–11.Google Scholar
Greenland, D. J., Wada, K. and Hamblin, A., (1969) Imogolite in a volcanic ash soil from Papua Aust. J. Sci. 32 56–58.Google Scholar
von Jaritz, G., (1967) Ein Vorkommen von Imogolit in Bimsboden Westdeutschlands Z. Pflanzenernähr. Düng. Bodenk. 117 65–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanehiro, Y. and Whittig, L. D., (1961) Amorphous mineral colloids of soils of the Pacific region and adjacent areas Pacific Sci. 15 477–482.Google Scholar
Kanno, I., Onikura, Y. and Higashi, T., (1968) Weathering and clay mineralogies! characteristics of volcanic ashes and pumices in Japan 9th Internat. Congr. Soil Sci. Trans. 3 111–122.Google Scholar
Kawasaki, H. and Aomine, S., (1966) So-called 14 Å clay minerals in some Ando soils Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12 144–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitagawa, Y., (1971) The “unit particle” of allophane Am. Mineralogist 56 465–475.Google Scholar
Lai, S. and Swindale, L. D., (1969) Chemical properties of allophane from Hawaiian and Japanese soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 33 804–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyauchi, N., (1966) Inorganic colloids of volcanic ash soils in younger weathering stage .Google Scholar
Miyauchi, N. and Aomine, S., (1966) Mineralogy of gellike substance in the pumice bed in Kanuma and Kitakami districts Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12 187–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moberly, R. Jr., (1963) Amorphous marine muds from tropical weathered basalt Am. J. Sci. 261 767–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, S. H., (1964) Halloysite underclay and amorphous inorganic matter in Hawaii Clays and Clay Minerals 12 153–172.Google Scholar
Patterson, S. H., (1971) Investigations of ferruginous bauxite and other mineral resources on Kauai and a reconnaissance of ferruginous bauxite deposits on Maui 656 1–74.Google Scholar
Russell, J. D., McHardy, W. J. and Fraser, A. R., (1969) Imogolite: A unique aluminosilicate Clay Minerals 8 87–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sieffermann, G. and Millot, G., (1969) Equatorial and tropical weathering of recent basalts from Cameroon: Allophanes, halloysite, metahalloysite, kaolinite and gibbsite Intern. Clay Conf. 1969 Proc. 1 417–430.Google Scholar
Tamura, T., Jackson, M. L. and Sherman, G. D., (1953) Mineral content of Low Humic and Hydrol Humic Latosols of Hawaii Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 17 343–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tazaki, K., (1971) Imogolite in the Daisen loam and the Sanbesan loam Geol. Soc. Japan J. 77 407–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, K., (1966) Deuterium exchange of hydroxyl groups in allophane Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12 151–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, K. and Matsubara, I., (1968) Differential formation of allophane, “imogolite” and gibbsite in the Kitakami pumice bed 9th Intern. Congr. Soil Sci. Trans. 3 123–131.Google Scholar
Wada, K. and Tokashiki, Y. (1972) Selective dissolution and difference infrared spectroscopy in quantitative mineralogical analysis of volcanic ash soil clays: Geoderma 7. (In press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, K. and Yoshinaga, N., (1969) The structure of “imogolite” Am. Mineralogist 54 50–71.Google Scholar
Wada, K., Yoshinaga, N., Yotsumoto, H., Ibe, K. and Aida, S., (1970) High resolution electron micrographs of imogolite Clay Minerals 8 487–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshinaga, N., (1968) Identification of imogolit in the filmy gel materials in the lmaichi and Shichihonzakura pumice beds Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 14 238–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshinaga, N. and Aomine, S., (1962) Imogolite in some Ando soils Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 8 3 22–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshinaga, N. and Yamaguchi, M., (1970) Occurrence of imogolite as gel film in the pumice and scoria beds of western and central Honshu and Hokkaido Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 16 215–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshinaga, N., Yotsumoto, H. and Ibe, K., (1968) An electron microscopic study of soil allophane with an ordered structure Am. Mineralogist 53 319–323.Google Scholar