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Geochemical records of a bentonitic acid-tuff succession related to a transgressive systems tract — Indication of changes in the volcanic sedimentation rate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Z. Püspöki ,
M. Kozák ,
P. Kovács-Pálffy ,
J. Szepesi ,
R. McIntosh ,
P. Kónya ,
L. Vincze  and
G. Gyula
Z. Püspöki*
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
M. Kozák
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
P. Kovács-Pálffy
Affiliation:
Geological Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14., Budapest, H-1142, Hungary
J. Szepesi
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
R. McIntosh
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
P. Kónya
Affiliation:
Geological Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14., Budapest, H-1142, Hungary
L. Vincze
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
G. Gyula
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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A detailed stratigraphic and facies reconstruction of a bentonitized acid-tuff succession, deposited within the transgressive systems tract of the Upper Miocene-Sarmatian Ser-3 eustatic cycle, at Sajóbábony, northern Hungary, was performed via petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The purpose of the work was to analyze the degree of alteration of the volcanogenic sediments, as an indicator of the relative volcanic sedimentation rate. This may have an important role in indicating volcanic periods synchronous with sedimentation or reconstructing the volcanosedimentary paleoconditions. Sample pairs were collected from each bentonite and tuff layer, and, to facilitiate microstratigraphic relations, samples were collected every 10 cm within bentonite layers. Mineralogical analyses were performed by X-ray diffraction and geochemical analyses by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy.

The CaO/K2O and Eu/La ratios correlate with each other and with a montmorillonite/X-ray-amorphous phase ratio, reflecting Ca and Eu incorporation associated with devitrification and smectite formation. In accordance with the current literature, these mineralogical and geochemical proxies can be related primarily to the weathering processes. Considering vertical distributions in a sequence-stratigraphic context, the Ca content and Eu/La values show that local peaks and Eu anomalies characteristic of acid tuffs show minima at flooding surfaces (FS). Within a bentonite layer, representing a single transgressive period, the repeated events of dust-tuff accumulations have been determined by K2O/CaO and La/Eu peaks, confirmed also by the Eu anomalies in the rare earth element (REE) patterns, thus leading to the conclusion that the level of alteration is closely correlated with the elimination of terrigenous input and a minimum in volcanic sedimentation rate allowing more intensive alteration of the deposited volcanic material. In the case of fine tuff beds, Eu anomalies on REE patterns reflect limited alteration at the bottom and more intensive alteration in the upper parts of the beds, reflecting the effect of infiltration of sea water into the pores.

Keywords

Acid-tuff SedimentationBentonitesGeochemistrySediment CondensationSequence Stratigraphy
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 23 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © 2008, The Clay Minerals Society

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