Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T17:39:27.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation of Smectite Crystals at High Pressures and Temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Hirohisa Yamada ,
Hiromoto Nakazawa  and
Hideo Hashizume
Hirohisa Yamada
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Namiki 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Hiromoto Nakazawa
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Namiki 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Hideo Hashizume
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Namiki 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Smectite single crystals of superior quality were synthesized at high pressures and temperatures using a modified belt type high pressure apparatus. Pressure-temperature conditions were established for smectite formation by quenching experiments in the pressure range from 2–5.5 GPa and temperatures of 700°–1000°C. Smectite crystals with extraordinary quality were formed beyond 3 GPa and 1000°C with coexisting phases of coesite, kyanite, jadeite, and in some cases with mica and glass. Smectite was confirmed from the XRD taken after intercalation of ethylene glycol. The smectite crystals were considered to be quenched crystals metastably from the hydrous silicate melts formed at high pressures and temperatures.

Keywords

High pressureHigh temperatureSmectiteSynthesis
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 6 , December 1994 , pp. 674 - 678
Copyright
Copyright © 1994, Clay Minerals Society

References

Brindley, G. W., 1984. Order-disorder in clay mineral structure. In Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification. Brindley, G. W., and Brown, G., eds. London: Mineralogical Society, 125–195.Google Scholar
Burhnam, C. W., 1974. NaAlSi3Os-H2O solutions; a thermodynamic model for hydrous magmas. Bull. Mineral. Cristallogr. 97: 223–230.Google Scholar
Burhnam, C. W., 1975. Water and magmas; a mixing model. Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 39: 1077–1084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. H., 1973. Experimental melting studies on a model upper mantle composition at high pressure under water-saturated and water-undersaturated conditions. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters 19: 37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Güven, N., 1988. Smectite. In Hydrous Phyllosilicate (Exclusive of Micas). Reviews in Mineralogy 19. S. W. Bailey ed. Washington, D.C.: Mineralogical Society of America, 497–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanzaki, M., 1992. Pressure-induced structural changes in silicate glass (melt). J. Mineral. Soc. Japan. 21: 149–160. (in Japanese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Kushiro, I., 1972. Effect of water on the composition of magmas formed at high pressures. J. Petrol. 13: 311–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushiro, I., 1976. Changes in viscosity and structure of melt of NaAlSi2O6 composition at high pressures. J. Geophys. Res. 81: 6347–6350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushiro, I., Yoder, H. S., and Mysen, B. O.. 1976 . Viscosities of basalt and andesite melts at high pressures. J. Geophys. Res. 81: 6351–6356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakazawa, H., Yamada, H., and Fujita, T.. 1992 . Crystal synthesis of smectite applying very high pressure and temperature. Applied Clay Science 6: 395–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pytte, A. M., and Reynolds, R. C.. The thermal transformation of smectite to illite. In Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins. Naeser, N. D., and McCulloh, T. H., 1989 eds. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Robertson, J. R., and Wyllie, P. J.. 1971 . Rock-water systems, with special reference to the water-deficient region. Amer. J. Sci. 271: 252–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, J. F., 1991. NMR evidence for five-coordinated silicon in a silicate glass at atmospheric pressure. Nature 351: 638–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, J. F., and McMillan, P. F.. 1989 . Five- and six-coordinated Si in K2Si4O9 at 1.9GPa and 1200°C. Am. Mineral. 74: 965–968.Google Scholar
Tucker, M. E., 1991. Sedimentary Petrology, 2nd edition. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Wyllie, P., 1979. Magmas and volatile components. Am. Mineral. 64: 469–500.Google Scholar
Xue, X., Stebbins, J. F., Kanzaki, M., McMillan, P. F., and Poe, B.. 1991 . Pressure-induced silicon coordination and tetrahedral structural changes in alkali oxides-silica melts up to 12GPa: NMR, Raman, and Infrared spectroscopy. Am. Mineral. 76: 8–26.Google Scholar
Yamada, H., Fujita, T., and Nakazawa, H.. 1988 . Design and calibration of a rapid quench hydrothermal apparatus. J. Ceramic Soc. Japan 96: 1041–1044.Google Scholar
Yamada, H., Nakazawa, H., Yoshioka, K., and Fujita, T.. 1991 . Smectites in the montmorillonite-beidellite series. Clay Miner. 26: 359–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamaoka, S., Akaishi, M., Kanda, H., Osawa, T., Taniguchi, T., Sei, H., and Fukunaga, O.. 1992 . Development of belt type high pressure apparatus for material synthesis at 8GPa. J. High Pressure Inst. Japan 30: 249–258 (in Japanese with English abstract).Google Scholar