Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T10:52:31.585Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Formation of Illitic Clays from Kaolinite in KOH Solution from 225°C to 350°C

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Wuu-Liang Huang
Wuu-Liang Huang*
Affiliation:
Exxon Production Research Company, P.O. Box 2189 Houston, Texas 77252-2189
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Kaolinite was converted into illitic clays in a 2.58 m KOH solution in gold capsules using cold-seal pressure vessels at 225°, 250°, 300°, and 350°C and 500 bars. The XRD shows that the major reaction products are illitic clays with no interlayer expandability. The TEM shows that the illitic clays appear mainly platelet-like with a K/Si ratio close to that of muscovite/illite. The extent of the conversion was monitored by measuring the XRD peak ratio of muscovite (illite) and kaolinite in quenched run products. The results reveal that kaolinite converts to muscovite/illite in the KOH solution at an initial rate two to three orders of magnitude faster than that of similar reactions at near-neutral conditions.

Keywords

IlliteIllite synthesisKaoliniteKinetics
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 6 , December 1993 , pp. 645 - 654
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Agaard, P. and Egeberg, P. K., 1987 Formation water chemistry in the late Triassic-Jurassic reservoirs offshore Norway (abs.) Prediction of Reservoir Quality through Chemical Modeling, Abstracts, AAPG Conference Utah Park City.Google Scholar
Bjorlykke, K., Parker, A. and Shellwood, B. W., 1983 Diagenetic reaction in sandstones Sediments Diagenesis Boston Reidel Publishing Company 169 – 213 10.1007/978-94-009-7259-9_3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chermak, J. A., and Rimstidt, J. D., (1987) Experimental determination of the rate of transformation of kaolinite to illite: Abstracts with Program, Clay Minerals Society Annual Meeting, Socorro, New Mexico, 24, p. 46.Google Scholar
Chermak, J. A. and Rimstidt, J. D., 1990 The hydrothermal transformation of kaolinite to muscovite/illite Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54 2979 – 2990 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90115-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutta, P. K. and Suttner, L. J., 1986 Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate. II. Authigenic mineralogy J. Sed. Petrology 56 346 – 358.Google Scholar
Eberl, D. D. and Hower, J., 1976 Kinetics of illite formation Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 87 1326 – 1330 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1326:KOIF>2.0.CO;2.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Güven, N. and Huang, W. L., 1991 Effect of Mg2+ and Fe3+ substitutions on the hydrothermal illitization reactions Clays & Clay Minerals 39 387 – 399 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancock, N. J. and Taylor, A. M., 1978 Clay mineral diagenesis and oil migration in the Middle Jurassic Brent Sand Formation Jour. Geol. Soc. London 135 69 – 72 10.1144/gsjgs.135.1.0069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, D. L. and Henderson, C. M. B., 1968 The preparation of silicate composition by a gelling method Mineral. Mag. 36 832 – 838.Google Scholar
Howard, J. J. and Roy, D. M., 1985 Development of layer charge and kinetics of experimental smectite alteration Clays & Clay Minerals 33 81 – 88 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W. L., and Otten, G. A., (1985) Kinetics of K-mica and K-natrolite formation as a function of temperature: Program and Abstracts, 2nd International Symposium on Hydrothermal Reactions, University Park, Pennsylvania, p. 34.Google Scholar
Huang, W. L., Bishop, A. M. and Brown, R. W., 1986 Effect of fluid/rock ratio on albite dissolution and illite formation at reservoir conditions Clay Miner. 21 585 – 601 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.4.10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W. L., (1992) Illitic clay formation during experimental diagenesis of arkoses: in Origin, Diagenesis, and Petrophysics of Clay Minerals in Sandstones, House-knecht, D. W., and Pittman, E. D., eds., SEPM. Spec. Publ. 47, 49–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W. L., 1993 Stability and kinetics of kaolinite to boehmite conversion under hydrothermal conditions Chem. Geol. 105 197 – 214 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90126-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W. L., Longo, J. M. and Pevear, D. R., 1993 An experimentally derived kinetic model for smectite-to-illite conversion and its use as geothermometer Clays & Clay Minerals 41 162 – 177 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, A., 1980 Influence of kinetics and mechanism in metamorphism: A study of albite crystallization Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44 387 – 402 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90039-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossel, N. C., 1982 Clay mineral diagenesis in Rotliegend eolian sandstones of the southern North Sea Clay Miner. 17 69 – 77 10.1180/claymin.1982.017.1.07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeman, U., 1979 Diagenetically formed interstitial clay minerals as a factor in Rotliegend sandstone reservoir quality in the North Sea J. Petr. Geol. 1 55 – 62 10.1111/j.1747-5457.1979.tb00619.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyfried, W. E. Jr. Gordon, P. C. and Dickson, F. W., 1979 A new reaction cell for hydrothermal solution equipment Amer. Mineral. 64 646 – 649.Google Scholar
Small, J. S., 1991 Experimental determination of the rates of precipitation of authigenic illite and kaolinite in the presence of aqueous oxalate and comparison to the K/Ar ages of authigenic illite in reservoir sandstones Clays & Clay Minerals 41 191 – 208 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommer, F., 1978 Diagenesis of Jurassic sandstones in the Viking Graben J. Geol. Soc. London 125 63 – 67 10.1144/gsjgs.135.1.0063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środόn, J., and Eberl, D. D., (1984) Illite: in Micas, Bailey, S. W., ed., Reviews in Mineralogy 13, 495–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B., 1965 Experimental determination of muscovite polymorph stabilities Amer. Mineral. 50 436 – 449.Google Scholar
Wallast, R., 1967 Kinetics of the alteration of K-feldspar in buffered solutions at low temperature Geochim. Cos-mochim. Acta 31 635 – 648 10.1016/0016-7037(67)90040-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitney, G. and Northrop, H. R., 1988 Experimental investigation of the smectite to illite reaction: Dual reaction mechanisms and oxygen-isotope systematics Amer. Mineral. 73 77 – 90.Google Scholar