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The Formation of Fe-Bearing Secondary Phase Minerals from the Basalt—Sediment Interface, South Pacific Gyre: IODP Expedition 329

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Kiho Yang ,
Hanbeom Park ,
Hionsuck Baik ,
Toshihiro Kogure  and
Jinwook Kim
Kiho Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
Hanbeom Park
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
Hionsuck Baik
Affiliation:
Division of Analytical Research, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 74 Inchon-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
Toshihiro Kogure
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Jinwook Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Alteration of basalt is a ubiquitous process on the vast oceanic crust surface and results in the formation of secondary-phase minerals that include clay minerals and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides. Thus, this process is a significant consequence of water/rock interactions that could reveal the (bio)geochemical conditions of formation. Core samples at the basalt/sediment interface from a depth of 74.79 m below sea floor (mbsf) were recovered during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 329 (2010.10.10–2010.12.13) in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG). Two distinct regions of yellow- and red-colored sediment were observed. The mineralogy, elemental composition, Fe oxidation state, and mineral structure of the altered basalt samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF). In the yellow sediment, K-nontronite and feroxyhyte (δ’-FeO(OH)) were the dominant mineral phases, while Mg-rich smectite (saponite), chlorite, and hematite were found predominantly in the reddish sediment. The appearance of K-nontronite and feroxyhyte mineral assemblages in altered sediment indicated that oxidative conditions prevailed during basalt alteration. Variation in the Fe-oxidation states in the K-nontronite structure, however, may indicate that local reducing conditions persisted throughout the biogeochemical reactions.

Keywords

Basalt AlterationEELSK-nontroniteSaponiteSouth Pacific Gyre
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , February 2018 , pp. 1 - 8
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2018

Footnotes

This paper was originally presented during the 3rd Asian Clay Conference, November 2016, in Guangzhou, China

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