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Formation Mechanism of Aluminum Hydroxide Polymorphs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

A. Violante  and
P. M. Huang
A. Violante
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimico-Agrarie, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
P. M. Huang
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
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Abstract

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Substantial studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of the formation of Al(OH)3 polymorphs. The influence of the nature of Al precipitation products on the formation of Al(OH)3 polymorphs still remains obscure. In this study, X-ray diffraction, infrared and thermal analyses, and electron microscopic observations of the Al precipitates formed at the initial pH 8.2 and at a citric acid/Al molar ratio of 0.01 and aged for 3 hr to 60 days revealed that the transformation from the initially formed noncrystalline materials to pseudoboehmite occurred through the formation of intermediate materials with various degrees of ordering and sizes of particles that apparently had a wide range of solubility. By increasing the pH of the suspension of precipitation products of Al to 10.0 after 3 hr and 3, 11, 31, and 60 days or longer, the crystalline precipitation products were hayerite, nordstrandite and bayerite, nordstrandite and pseudoboehmite, pseudoboehmite and gibbsite, and pseudoboehmite, respectively. This work shows evidence that, as the nature of the starting Al precipitates changed, the rate of their dissolution apparently changed, and various Al(OH)3 polymorphs consequently formed. Therefore, the data substantiate the hypothesis that the mechanism of the formation of an Al(OH)3 polymorph is determined by the rate of its nucleation, which is, in turn, influenced by the rate of dissolution of the noncrystalline or poorly ordered Al-oxides initially formed.

Keywords

Al(OH)3 polymorphsBayeriteGibbsiteNoncrystalline materialsNordstranditePseudoboehmite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 5 , October 1993 , pp. 590 - 597
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

1

Boehmite formed at room temperature and one atmosphere pressure is a poorly crystalline, highly defective and/or fine size Al-oxyhydroxide, usually called pseudoboehmite.

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