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Flocculation of Illite/Kaolinite and Illite/Montmorillonite Mixtures as Affected by Sodium Adsorption Ratio and pH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Sabine Goldberg ,
Harold S. Forster  and
Elizabeth L. Heick
Sabine Goldberg
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
Harold S. Forster
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
Elizabeth L. Heick
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
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Abstract

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The effect of electrolyte concentration, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and pH on the flocculation-dispersion behavior of 50/50 mixtures of reference illite with reference kaolinite or reference montmorillonite was investigated. The clays were Na- or Ca-saturated and freeze-dried before use. Critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) were investigated in the range of pH 5.9 to 9.6, percent Na-clay 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 and SAR 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and ∞. CCC values increased with increasing ESP, increasing SAR, and increasing pH. The pH dependence of illite/kaolinite was greater than that of illite/montmorillonite especially at high ESP and SAR. The presence of illite did not play a dominant role in determining flocculation-dispersion behavior of the 50/50 clay mixtures. The CCCs of illite/kaolinite resembled reference illite more than reference kaolinite for SAR 0 to SAR 60. Illite/montmorillonite exhibited CCCs more similar to reference illite than reference montmorillonite at SAR 40 and SAR 60. At the agriculturally desirable ESP and SAR values of 0 to 15, all the 2:1 clays and 2:1 clay mixtures demonstrated similar CCC values.

Keywords

Flocculation valueCritical coagulation concentrationDispersionAggregation
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , August 1991 , pp. 375 - 380
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

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