Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T03:31:13.126Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fe3+-Rich Montmorillonite-Beidellite Series in Ayvacik Bentonite Deposit, Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Fazli Çoban  and
Ö. Işik Ece
Fazli Çoban
Affiliation:
Istanbul Technical University, Mining Faculty, Mineralogy-Petrology Division, Maslak, 80626 Istanbul, Turkey
Ö. Işik Ece
Affiliation:
Istanbul Technical University, Mining Faculty, Mineralogy-Petrology Division, Maslak, 80626 Istanbul, Turkey
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Ayvacık bentonites, products of Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, are composed of smectite of the montmorillonite-beidellite series. Fault-related hydrothermal solutions have altered andesitic rocks to dioctahedral smectites. Differences in the micro-morphology of the two end-members are distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The beidellite particles are of delicate ribbons and rosette habits, whereas montmorillonite particles are very thin, curled sheets and flakes. Clay size (<2 µm) fractions contain (in wt. %) 54.90–56.80 SiO2, 19.65–28.54 Al2O3, 0.45–6.28 Fe2O3, 0.10–1.72 CaO, 0.80–4.15 MgO, 0.55–1.88 K2O, and 0.08–1.15 Na2O, which confirm that the beidellites are Fe-rich (5.06–6.28 wt. %), except for one sample (0.45 wt. % Fe2O3). The Greene-Kelly test (Li-saturation and heating) gave very good results for the measurement of the d(001) of the two end-members. Nickel, Ti, and Cr enrichment in smectite is related to the chemical composition of hydrothermal solutions that passed through the ophiolite complex.

Keywords

Biga PeninsulaFe-rich BeidelliteMontmorilloniteTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , April 1999 , pp. 165 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © 1999, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Badraoui, M. and Bloom, P.R., 1990 Iron-Rich High Charge Beidellite in Vertisols and Mollisols of the High Chaouia Region of Morocco Soil Science Society of America Journal 54 267–274 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400010043x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badraoui, M. Bloom, P.R. and Rust, R.H., 1987 Occurrence of High-Charge Beidellite in a Vertic Haplaquoll of Northwestern Minnesota Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 813–818 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100030044x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borsi, S. Ferrara, G. Innocenti, F. and Mazzuoli, R., 1972 Geochronology and petrology of recent volcanics in the Eastern Aegean Sea (West Anatolia and Lesbos Island) Bulletin Volcanologique 36 473–496 10.1007/BF02597122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., 1980 Order-disorder in clay mineral structures Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 125–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cupp, B.L., 1989 The age relations and geochemical characteristics of the mineralization at the DeLamar Mine, Owyhee County, Idaho Oxford, Ohio Miami University.Google Scholar
Çoban, E., 1993 Geology and mineralogy of some Turkish bentonites Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta 36 103–110.Google Scholar
Çoban, F. and Ece, I., 1990 Geological features and min-eralogical studies of the bentonite occurrences in the Ba-şören region, Kütahya Istanbul Technical University Bulletin 48 56–63.Google Scholar
Ece, I., 1992 Hydrothermal alteration of Miocene pyro-clastic rocks and occurrence of bentonite deposits along fault zones in the Çankin region, Turkey. Mediternanean Clay Meeting 60–61.Google Scholar
Ercan, T. Satir, M. Steinitz, G. Dora, A. Sarifakioğlu, C. Adis, C. Walter, I.H. and Yildirim, T., 1995 Biga Yanmadasi ile Gökçeada, Bozcaada ve Tavşan Ada-larindaki (KB Anadolu) Tersiyer volkanizmasimn özellik-leri (in Turkish) Maden Tetkik re Arama Enstitusu Dergisi 117 5–86.Google Scholar
Farmer, V.C. and Russel, J.D., 1967 Infrared absorption spectrometry in clay studies Clays and Clay Minerals 15 121–142 10.1346/CCMN.1967.0150112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V.C. and Farmer, V.C., 1974 Layer silicates Infrared Spectra of Minerals London Mineralogical Society 331–363 10.1180/mono-4.15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbs, R.J., 1965 Error due to segregation in quantitative clay mineral x-ray diffraction mounting techniques American Mineralogist 50 741–751.Google Scholar
Gibbs, R.L., 1968 Clay mineral mounting techniques for x-ray diffraction analysis: A discussion Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 38 242–244 10.1306/74D71942-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R., 1952 Irreversible dehydration in montmorillonite Clay Minerals Bulletin 1 221–227 10.1180/claymin.1952.001.7.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R., 1953 The identification of montmorillonoids in clays Journal of Soil Science 4 233–237 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1953.tb00657.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R., 1953 Irreversible dehydration in montmorillonite Clay Minerals Bulletin 2 52–56 10.1180/claymin.1953.002.9.09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R. and MacKenzie, R.C., 1957 The montmorillonite minerals (smectites) The Differential Thermal Investigation of Clays London Mineralogical Society 140–164.Google Scholar
Güven, N. and Bailey, S.W., 1988 Smectites Hydrous Phyllosilicates (Exclusive of Micas) Volume 19 Washington, DC. Mineralogical Society of America 497–559 10.1515/9781501508998-018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henning, K.H. and Störr, H., 1986 Electron Micrographs (TEM, SEM) of Clays and Clay Minerals Akademia-Verlag Press Berlin.Google Scholar
Heystek, H., 1963 Hydrothermal rhyolitic alteration in the Castle Mountains, California Clays and Clay Minerals 11 158–168 10.1346/CCMN.1962.0110114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, U. and Kiemen, E., 1950 Loss of exchangeability of lithium ions in bentonite on heating Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 262 95–99 10.1002/zaac.19502620114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchison, C.S., 1974 Laboratory Handbook of Petrographic Techniques John Wiley and Sons New York.Google Scholar
Larsen, E.S. and Wherry, E.T., 1925 Beidellite, A new mineral name Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 15 465.Google Scholar
Lim, C.H. and Jackson, M.L., 1986 Expandable phyllosilicate reactions with lithium on heating Clays and Clay Minerals 34 346–352 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madejova, P. Komadel, P. and Cicel, B., 1992 Infrared spectra of some Czeck and Slovak smectites and their correlation with structural formulas Geologica Carpathica Clays 1 9–12.Google Scholar
Nadeau, P.H. Farmer, V.C. McHardy, W.J. and Bain, D.C., 1985 Compositional variations of the Unterrupsroth beidellite American Mineralogist 70 1004–1010.Google Scholar
Nagelschmidt, G., 1938 On the atomic arrangement and variability of the members of the montmorillonite group Mineralogical Magazine 25 140 10.1180/minmag.1938.025.162.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. Brown, G. and Newman, A.C.D., 1987 The chemical composition of clays Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Society Monograph 6 Mineral Society London 1–129.Google Scholar
Post, L.J. Cupp, L.B. and Madsen, F.T., 1997 Beidellite and associated clays from the DeLamar Mine and Florida Mountain area, Idaho Clays and Clay Minerals 45 240–250 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, C.S. and Shannon, E.V., 1925 Chemical composition and optical properties of beidellite Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 15 467.Google Scholar
Ross, C.S. and Hendricks, S.B., 1945 Minerals of the montmorillonite group US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 205-B 23–79.Google Scholar
Shapiro, L. and Brannock, W.W., 1956 Rapid analysis of silicate rocks US Geological Survey Bulletin, 1036-C 19–56.Google Scholar
Siyako, M. Bürkan, K.A. and Okay, A.I., 1989 Biga ve Gelibolu Yarimadalarinin Tersiyer jeolojisi ve hidrokarbon olanaklan (Tertiary geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Biga and Gelibolu Peninsulas) Bulletin of Turkish Petroleum Geologists 1 183–199.Google Scholar
Türkmenoğlu, A. Aker, S. Göğüs, G. and Turan, C., 1987 Mineralogy, petrography and origin of bentonites from An-kara-Çankiri region 3rd National Clay Symposium Proceedings Turkey Ankara 101–112.Google Scholar
Weir, A.H. and Greene-Kelly, R., 1962 Beidellite American Mineralogist 47 137–146.Google Scholar
Weir, A.H., 1965 Potasium retention in montmorillonite Clay Minerals 6 17–22 10.1180/claymin.1965.006.1.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Marel, H.W. and Beutelspacher, H., 1976 Atlas of IR Spectroscopy of Clay Minerals and Their Admixtures. Amsterdam Elsevier.Google Scholar
Yamada, H. Nakazawa, H. Yoshioka, K. and Fujita, T., 1991 Smectites in the montmorillonite-beidellite series Clay Minerals 26 359–369 10.1180/claymin.1991.026.3.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar