Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T10:15:12.798Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of the Alkylammonium Method of Determining Layer Charge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

D. A. Laird ,
A. D. Scott  and
T. E. Fenton
D. A. Laird
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
A. D. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
T. E. Fenton
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The layer charge of five smectites, one vermiculitic material, and five reduced-charge clays was determined by the alkylammonium and structural formula methods. The two sets of results were found to be linearly correlated (r =.961); however, the values that were determined by the alkylammonium method were 20 to 30% lower than those determined by the structural formula method, and the regression slope for their linear relationship was 1.67. The fact that the structural formula method includes the effects of cations on the lateral edges of the clay particles probably accounted for some of the differences in the magnitude of the results but should not have caused the regression slope to deviate substantially from 1.00. Therefore, inaccurate estimates of the packing density of alkylammonium cations in the interlayer space of 2:1 phyllosilicates were deemed responsible for the systematic divergence of the results of the two methods. To satisfy the need for a relationship between the two methods of determining layer charge, an empirical means of adjusting the alkylammonium values has been proposed and shown to yield values of layer charge that are comparable to those determined by the structural formula method.

Keywords

AlkylammoniumLayer chargeReduced chargeSmectiteStructural formula
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 37 , Issue 1 , February 1989 , pp. 41 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © 1989, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

1

Journal paper J-12982 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 2692.

References

Amonette, J. and Scott, A. D., 1984 Determination of ferrous iron in silicate minerals Agrori. Abstr. 1984 175.Google Scholar
Bailey, S. W., Brindley, G. W., Johns, W. D., Martin, R. T. and Ross, M., 1971 Summary of national and international recommendations on clay mineral nomenclature Clays & Clay Minerals 19 129 – 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W. and Ertem, G., 1971 Preparation and solvation properties of some variable charge montmorillonites Clays & Clay Minerals 19 399 – 404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gast, R. G., Dixon, J. B. and Weed, S. B., 1977 Surface and colloid chemistry Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Madison, Wisconsin 27 – 73.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G., 1981 Characterization of clays by organic compounds Clay Miner. 16 1 – 21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagaly, G., Weiss, A. and Heller, L., 1969 Determination of the layer charge in mica-type layer silicates Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Jerusalem Israel University Press 61 – 80.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G. and Weiss, A., 1971 Anordung und Orientierung kationischer Tenside auf Silicatoberflachen, IV. Anordnung von n-Alkylammoniumionen bei niedrig geladenen Schichtsilicaten Kolloid-Z.u.Z. Polymere 243 48 – 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagaly, G. and Weiss, A., 1976 Problems in layer-charge determination of montmorillonites Clay Miner. 11 173 – 187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D. A., 1987 Layer charge and crystalline swelling of expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates: Ph.D. dissertation Ames, Iowa Iowa State University.Google Scholar
Maes, A., Stul, M. S. and Cremers, A., 1979 Layer charge-cation-exchange capacity relationships in montmorillonite Clays & Clay Minerals 27 387 – 392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rühlicke, G. and Kohler, E. E., 1981 A simplified procedure for determining layer charge by the n-alkylammonium method Clay Miner. 16 305 – 307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senkayi, A. L., Dixon, J. B., Hossner, L. R. and Kippenberge, L. A., 1985 Layer charge evaluation of expandable soil clays by an alkylammonium method Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 49 1054 – 1060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiers, G. A., Dudas, M. J. and Hodgins, L. W., 1983 Simultaneous multielement analysis of clays by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy using suspension aspiration Clays & Clay Minerals 31 397 – 400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stul, M. S. and Mortier, W. J., 1974 The heterogeneity of the charge density in montmorillonites Clays & Clay Minerals 22 391 – 396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar