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Effect of Manganese on the Transformation of Ferrihydrite into Goethite and Jacobsite in Alkaline Media

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

R. M. Cornell  and
R. Giovanoli
R. M. Cornell
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3000 Berne 9, Switzerland
R. Giovanoli
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3000 Berne 9, Switzerland
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Abstract

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In the presence of Mn(II), ferrihydrite transforms into Mn-goethite and/or jacobsite. Chemical analysis showed that as much as 15 mole % Mn replaced Fe in the goethite structure. If Mn(III) replaced Mn(II), the formation of jacobsite was suppressed; ferrihydrite transformed into Mn-goethite, and, at high Mn(III) concentrations, a 7-Å phyllomanganate. Low levels of Mn(II) retarded the transformation of ferrihydrite only slightly, whereas in an Mn(III) system the nucleation and growth of Mn-goethite were both hindered. Mn-goethite nucleated in solution, whereas jacobsite appeared to form by interaction of dissolved Mn(II) species with ferrihydrite. Mn suppressed the formation of hematite in these systems; however, Mn-hematite containing as much as 5 mole % Mn was induced to form at pH 8 by adding oxalate to the system. Transmission electron micrographs showed that goethite crystals grown in the presence of Mn were long (≤2 μm) and thin and commonly contained etch pits. The presence of Mn appears to have promoted twinning.

Keywords

FerrihydriteGoethiteJacobsiteManganesePhyllomanganateSynthesisTransmission electron microscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 1 , February 1987 , pp. 11 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © 1987, The Clay Minerals Society

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