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Direct Measurement of the Relation Between Swelling Pressure and Interlayer Distance in Li-Vermiculite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Brian E. Viani ,
Charles B. Roth  and
Philip F. Low
Brian E. Viani
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Charles B. Roth
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Philip F. Low
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Abstract

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To test the double-layer theory of swelling as applied to layer silicates, the interlayer separation, λ, in a Li-saturated vermiculite from Grouse Creek, Utah, was measured as a function of the swelling pressure, II. An oriented sample of the vermiculite (46-105 μm) was placed in an environmental chamber mounted on an X-ray diffractometer and compressed between N2 gas and a porous membrane in contact with a solution draining to the outside atmosphere. After equilibration at each of several successively higher gas pressures, the c-axis spacing was measured by X-ray diffraction, and the corresponding X was calculated by subtracting the thickness of an elementary silicate layer. The results of these measurements showed that. (1) the relation between II and λ for vermiculite is the same as that previously observed for Na-montmorillonite, i.e., II is an exponential function of 1/λ. (2) the values of II predicted by double-layer theory are much smaller than those observed if the surface potential is assigned the appropriate value; an. (3) the observed relation between II and λ does not have the form predicted by this theory. On the basis of these results, a repulsive force not ascribable to double-layer overlap must be primarily responsible for swelling; this force must result from the in-depth perturbation of the water by the surfaces of the vermiculite layers.

Keywords

Double-layer theoryInterlayer distanceSwelling pressureVermiculiteX-ray diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , June 1985 , pp. 244 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © 1985, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

1

Journal paper 9688.

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