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Development of Ammonium-Saponites from Gels with Variable Ammonium Concentration and Water Content at Low Temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

J. Theo Kloprogge ,
Johan Breukelaar ,
J. Ben H. Jansen  and
John W. Geus
J. Theo Kloprogge*
Affiliation:
Department of Geochemistry, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
Johan Breukelaar
Affiliation:
Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratorium Amsterdam (Shell Research B.V.), P.O. Box 3003, 1003 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. Ben H. Jansen*
Affiliation:
Department of Geochemistry, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
John W. Geus
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.083, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
*
**Present address: Plastics and Rubber Institute TNO, P.O. Box 108, 3700 AC, Zeist, The Netherlands.
***Present address: Bowagemi, Prinses Beatrixlaan 20, 3972 AN Driebergen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract

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Ammonium-saponite is hydrothermally grown at temperatures below 300°C from a gel with an overall composition corresponding to (NH4)0.6Mg3Si3.4Al0.6O10(OH)2. The synthetic saponite and coexisting fluid have been characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Induced Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, CEC determination using an ammonia selective electrode, and pH measurement. In the crystallization model developed, crystallization started with the growth of individual tetrahedral layers with an aluminum substitution not controlled by the A1IV/A1VI ratio in the gel and hydrothermal fluid, on which the octahedral Mg layers can grow. During the synthesis, individual sheets stacked to form thicker flakes while lateral growth also took place. The remaining A1VI partly replaced ammonium as the interlayer cation.

Keywords

Cation exchange capacityInfrared spectroscopySaponiteSynthesisThermal analysisTransmission electron microscopyX-ray powder diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 1 , February 1993 , pp. 103 - 110
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

*

This paper is a joint contribution from the Debye Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Shell Research B.V., Amsterdam.

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