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Determination of Illite-Smectite Structures using Multispecimen X-Ray Diffraction Profile Fitting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Boris A. Sakharov ,
Holger Lindgreen ,
Alfred Salyn  and
Victor A. Drits
Boris A. Sakharov
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per D.7., 109017 Moscow, Russia
Holger Lindgreen
Affiliation:
Clay Mineralogical Laboratory, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Thoravej 8, DK2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
Alfred Salyn
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per D.7., 109017 Moscow, Russia
Victor A. Drits
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per D.7., 109017 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract

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A procedure for structural investigations by X-ray diffraction of mixed-layer structures incorporating swelling layers has been developed. For each sample, specimens saturated with different cations (Na, Mg, and Ca), are analyzed both as air-dried and as glycolated. One structural model fitting all the observed patterns then provides the structure of the sample. Samples tested include: Mite-smectite (I-S) minerals from Kazachstan (a rectorite), Dolna Ves in Slovakia, Kinnekulle in Sweden, the North Sea, and Scania in Sweden. The fitting of the patterns of the Kazachstan rectorite demonstrated that the instrumental parameters applied in the modeling were correct. For the I-S minerals from Slovakia and Kinnekulle the observed patterns were fitted with one two-component I-S model. However, the Ca-saturated and air-dried specimen of the Kinnekulle bentonites had two types of swelling interlayers. For the Slovakian I-S with Reichweite = 2, an alternative two-phase I-S plus I–V (V = vermiculite) model fitted the experimental X-ray diffraction patterns equally well. The I-S mineral from Scania is in fact a three-component I-T-S (T = tobelite) and the North Sea sample is a four-component I-S-V-V, one type of the swelling layers having swelling characteristics intermediately between smectite and vermiculite. In addition to layer types and distribution, interlayer compositions, such as the amount of interlayer glycol and water and of fixed and exchangeable cations, were determined.

Keywords

Illite-SmectiteSimulationStructureSwellingX-Ray Diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 555 - 566
Copyright
Copyright © 1999, The Clay Minerals Society

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