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The Crystal Structure of Bannisterite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Peter J. Heaney ,
Jeffrey E. Post  and
Howard T. Evans Jr.
Peter J. Heaney*
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 20560
Jeffrey E. Post
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 20560
Howard T. Evans Jr.
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092
*
1Present address: Department of Geology and Geophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544.
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Abstract

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The crystal structure of bannisterite, a modulated, mica-like mineral species, of general composition Ca0.5(K,Na)0.5(Mn,Fe,Mg,Zn)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8·nH2O, has been solved and refined for specimens from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey (FF), and Broken Hill, Australia (BH). The crystals are mono-clinic in space group A2/a, with (for FF) a = 22.265(1) Å, b = 16.368(1) Å, c = 24.668(2) Å, β = 94.285(5)°; and (for BH) a = 22.286(1) Å, b = 16.386(1) Å, c = 24.575(2) Å, β = 94.355(7)°; Z = 8. Refinement with anisotropic thermal factors reached Rw = 0.034 (FF) and 0.039 (BH). Like stilpnomelane and ganophyllite, bannisterite has a modified 2:1 trioctahedral layer structure in which some of the tetrahedra are inverted towards the interlayer region and linked to inverted tetrahedra in the opposite layer. The octahedral sheet is strongly corrugated along b. The tetrahedral sheet consists of 5-, 6-, and 7-fold rings, and bond distance calculations indicate that Al is concentrated into two of the four inverted tetrahedra. The interlayer Ca, K, and H2O species are highly disordered, as indicated by anomalously large temperature factors and partial occupancies. Localized differences in the Al/Si arrangements in the inverted tetrahedra induce disorder among the interlayer cations.

Keywords

BannisteriteInterlayer cationsLayer structureModulated structureX-ray structure refinement
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , April 1992 , pp. 129 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © 1992, The Clay Minerals Society

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