Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:02:39.845Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Compositional and Structural Variation of Sudoite from the Betic Cordillera (Spain): A TEM/AEM Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

María Dolores Ruiz Cruz  and
Carlos Sanz de Galdeano
María Dolores Ruiz Cruz*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogáa, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
Carlos Sanz de Galdeano
Affiliation:
Institute Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, 18071 Granada, Spain
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Sudoite from diagenetic to very low-grade metaclastites of the Betic Cordillera was studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission/analytical electron microscopy. Sudoite formed directly from dickite, the assemblage dickite + sudoite + illite being replaced at increasing metamorphic grade by the assemblage pyrophyllite + sudoite + illite. Sudoite ranges in composition from Mg-rich to Fe-rich chemistries. In addition, a wide variety of mixed-layered structures (illite-sudoite, pyrophyllite-sudoite, and dickite-sudoite) was also identified. Mg-rich sudoite shows a mean chemical composition of (Al2.91Fe0.252+Mg1.80)(Si3.10Al0.90)O10(OH)8, and a IIb ordered structure with b = 9.055 Å. Intermediate Fe-Mg sudoite exhibits a very variable composition, the Fe-rich phases having a mean composition of (Al2.09Fe0.613+Fe0.872+Mg1.44)(Si3.31Al0.69O10(OH)8. These are disordered polytypes with b values ranging from 9.070 to 9.101 Å. Fe occurs in both octahedral sheets, according to two types of substitutions: Fe3+ for Al in the dioctahedral sheet and Fe2+ for Mg in the trioctahedral sheet. Sudoite with such a composition has not been described previously.

Keywords

Betic CordilleraDickiteIlliteMixed-layerPyrophylliteSpainSudoite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 639 - 652
Copyright
Copyright © 2005, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Abad, I. Nieto, F. Peacor, D.R. and Velilla, N., (2003) Prograde and retrograde diagenetic and metamorphic evolution in metapelitic rocks of Sierra Espuna (Spain) Clay Minerals 38 1–23 10.1180/0009855033810074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahn, J.H. Peacor, D.R. and Douglas, S.C., (1988) Formation mechanisms of illite, chlorite and mixed-layers illite/ chlorite in Triassic volcanogenic sediments from the Southland Syncline, New Zealand Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 99 82–89 10.1007/BF00399368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anceau, A., (1992) Sudoite in some Visean (lower Carboniferous) K-bentonites from Belgium Clay Minerals 27 283–292 10.1180/claymin.1992.027.3.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azañón, J.M., (1994) Metamorfismo de alta presión/baja temperatura, baja presión/alta temperatura y tectónica del Complejo Alpujárride (cordilleras Betico-Rifenas) .Google Scholar
Bailey, S.W., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., (1980) Structure of layer silicates Crystal Structure of Clay Minerals and their X-ray identification London Monograph 5, Mineralogical Society 28–39.Google Scholar
Bailey, S.W. and Lister, J.S., (1989) Structures, compositions and X-ray identification of dioctahedral chlorites Clays and Clay Minerals 37 193–202 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, S.W. and Tyler, S.A., (1960) Clay mineral associated with the Lake Superior iron ores Economic Geology 55 150–175 10.2113/gsecongeo.55.1.150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banfield, J.F. and Eggleton, R.A., (1988) Transmission electron microscopic study of biotite weathering Clays and Clay Minerals 36 47–60 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banfield, J.F. and Murakami, T., (1988) Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscope evidence for the mechanism by which chlorite weathers to 1:1 semi-regular chlorite-vermiculite American Mineralogist 83 348–357 10.2138/am-1998-3-419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettison, L.A. and Schiffman, P., (1988) Compositional and structural variation of phyllosilicates from the Point Salt Ophiolite, California American Mineralogist 73 62–76.Google Scholar
Billault, V. Beaufort, D. Patrier, P. and Petit, S., (2002) Crystal chemistry of Fe-sudoites from uranium deposits in the Athabasca basin (Saskatchewan, Canada) Clays and Clay Minerals 50 70–81 10.1346/000986002761002847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, E.H., (1967) The greenschist facies in part of eastern Otago, New Zealand Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14 259–292 10.1007/BF00373808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, E.J. and Altaner, S.P., (1990) Clay mineral authigen-esis in coal and shale from the Anthracite region, Pennsylvania American Mineralogist 75 825–839.Google Scholar
Eggleton, R.A. and Bailey, S.W., (1967) Structural aspects of dioctahedral chlorite American Mineralogist 52 673–689.Google Scholar
Enhelhardt, W. Müller, G. and Kromer, H., (1962) Dioktaedrischer Chlorit (Sudoit) in Sedimenten des mittleren Keupers von Plochingen (Württemberg) Naturwissenschaften 49 205–215 10.1007/BF00633957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fransolet, A.M. and Bourguignon, P., (1978) Di/trioctahedral chlorite in quartz veins from the Ardennes, Belgium The Canadian Mineralogist 16 365–373.Google Scholar
Fransolet, A.-M. and Schreyer, W., (1984) Sudoite, di/ trioctahedral chlorite: A stable low-temperature phase in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 86 409–417 10.1007/BF01187144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frey, M., (1970) The step from diagenesis to metamorphism in pelitic rocks during Alpine orogenesis Sedimentology 15 261–279 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1970.tb02189.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, H. and Oinuma, K., (1964) Aluminian chlorite from Kamikita mine, Japan Clay Science 2 22–30.Google Scholar
Herbillon, A.J. and Makumbi, M.N., (1975) Weathering of chlorite in a soil derived from a chlorite-schist under humid tropical conditions Geoderma 13 89–104 10.1016/0016-7061(75)90059-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Islam, AKME and Lotse, E.G., (1986) Quantitative mineralogical analysis of some Bangladesh soils with X-ray, ion exchange and selective dissolution techniques Clay Minerals 21 31–42 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.1.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, W.-T. and Peacor, D.R., (1993) Formation and modification of metastable intermediate sodium potassium mica, paragonite, and muscovite in hydrothermally altered meta-basites from northern Wales American Mineralogist 78 782–793.Google Scholar
Kerrick, D.M. and Cotton, W.R., (1971) Stability reactions of jadeite pyroxene in Franciscan metagreywackes near San José, California American Journal of Science 271 350–369 10.2475/ajs.271.4.350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kisch, H.J., (1991) Illite crystallinity: recommendations on sample preparation, X-ray diffraction settings, and inter-laboratory samples Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9 665–670 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00556.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kübler, B., (1968) Evaluation quantitative du métamorphisme par la cristallinité de l’illite. Etat des progrès réalisés ces dernières années Bulletin de Centre Recherche Pau SNPA 2 385–397.Google Scholar
Lázaro, C. Ruiz Cruz, M.D. and Sanz de Galdeano, C., (2003) Características metamórficas del Triásico Maláguide en el sector de Diezma (Sierra Arana, Cordillera Bética) Boletin de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogia 26 123–136.Google Scholar
Lee, J.H. and Peacor, D.R., (1985) Ordered 1:1 interstratification of illite and chlorite: a transmission and analytical electron microscopy study Clays and Clay Minerals 33 463–467 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C.-Y. and Bailey, S.W., (1985) Structural data for sudoite Clays and Clay Minerals 33 410–414 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livi, K.J.T. Ferry, J.M. Veblen, D.R. Frey, M. and Connolly, J.A.D., (2002) Reactions and physical conditions during metamorphism of Liassic aluminous black shales and marls in central Switzerland European Journal of Mineralogy 14 647–672 10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorimer, G.W. Cliff, G. and Wenk, H.R., (1976) Analytical electron microscopy of minerals Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy New York Springer-Verlag 506–519 10.1007/978-3-642-66196-9_38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makel, G.H. (1985) The geology of the Maláguide complex and its bearing on the geodynamic evolution of the Betic-Rif orogen (Southern Spain and Northern Morocco). Gua Papers of Geology, 22, 263 pp.Google Scholar
Maxwell, D.T. and Hower, J., (1967) High-grade diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism of illite in the Precambrian Belt series American Mineralogist 52 843–857.Google Scholar
Merriman, R.J. Peacor, D.R., Frey, M. and Robinson, D., (1999) Very low-grade metapelites: mineralogy, micro fabrics and measuring reaction progress Low-grade Metamorphism Oxford, UK. Blackwell Science 10–60.Google Scholar
Murakami, T. Isobe, H. Sato, T. and Ohnuki, T., (1996) Weathering of chlorite in a quartz-chlorite schist: I. Mineralogical and chemical changes Clays and Clay Minerals 44 244–256 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. Brown, G. and Newman, A.C.D., (1987) The chemical constitution of clays Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals London Monograph 6, Mineralogical Society 1–128.Google Scholar
Peacor, D.R. and Buseck, P.R., (1992) Diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism of shales and slates Minerals and Reactions at the Atomic Scale Washington, D.C Reviews in Mineralogy, 27, Mineralogical Society of America 335–380 10.1515/9781501509735-013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proust, D. Eymery, J.P. and Beaufort, D., (1986) Supergene vermiculitization of a magnesian chlorite: iron and magnesium removal process Clays and Clay Minerals 34 572–580 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. and Bailey, S.W., (1988) Mixed-layer chlorite minerals Hydrous Phyllosilicates Washington D.C. Reviews in Mineralogy, 19. Mineralogical Society of America 601–629 10.1515/9781501508998-020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D. and Rodríguez Jiménez, P., (2002) Correlation between crystallochemical parameters of phyllosilicates and mineral facies in very low-grade metasediments of the Betic Cordillera (Spain): A synthesis Clay Minerals 37 169–185 10.1180/0009855023710026.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D. Sanz de Galdeano, C. and Lázaro, C., (2005) Metamorphic evolution of Triassic rocks from the transition zone between the Maláguide and the Alpujárride complexes (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) European Journal of Mineralogy 17 81–91 10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanz de Galdeano, C. Delgado, F. and López-Garrido, A.C., (1995) Unidades alpujárrides y maláguides al NE de Granada (Cordillera Bética) Geogaceta 18 27–29.Google Scholar
Sanz de Galdeano, C. Delgado, F. and López-Garrido, A.C., (1995) Estructura del Alpujárride y del Maláguide al NW de Sierra Nevada (Cordillera Bética) Revista de la Sociedad Geológia de Espana 8 239–250.Google Scholar
Sanz de Galdeano, C. Delgado, F. López-Garrido, A.C. and Martín-Algarra, A., (1995) Appartenance alpujárride proposé de l’unité de la Mora au NE de Grenade (Cordillère Bétique, Espagne) Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences Paris 321 893–900.Google Scholar
Sanz de Galdeano, C. Andreo, B. García-Tortosa, F.J. and López-Garrido, A.C., (2001) The Triassic palaeogeographic transition between the Alpujárride and Maláguide complexes, Betic-Rif Internal Zone Palaeo 167 157–173 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00236-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T. and Sato, M., (1966) Dioctahedral chlorite Proceedings of the International Clay Conference 1 33–39.Google Scholar
Theye, T. and Siedel, H., (1993) Chloritoid, carpholite and sudoite in very low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Wippra metamorphic zone (Harz, Germany) Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1993 73–96.Google Scholar
Theye, T. Siedel, H. and Vidal, O., (1992) Carpholite, sudoite and chloritoid in low-grade high-pressure metapelites from Crete and the Peloponnese, Greece European Journal of Mineralogy 4 487–507 10.1127/ejm/4/3/0487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warr, L.C. and Rice, H.N., (1994) Interlaboratory standariza-tion and calibration of clay minerals crystallinity and crystallite size data Journal of Metamorphic Geology 12 141–152 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1994.tb00010.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar