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Clay Mineralogy and Chemical Composition of Bentonites from the Gourougou Volcanic Massif (Northeast Morocco)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Mohamed Ddani ,
Alain Meunier ,
Mohamed Zahraoui ,
Daniel Beaufort ,
Mohamed El Wartiti ,
Claude Fontaine ,
Boubker Boukili  and
Benacer El Mahi
Mohamed Ddani
Affiliation:
HYDRASA-UMR 6532 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 40, avenue de Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France Laboratoire de Géologie appliquée, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences Agdal, Département de Sciences de la Terre, avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
Alain Meunier*
Affiliation:
HYDRASA-UMR 6532 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 40, avenue de Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mohamed Zahraoui
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie appliquée, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences Agdal, Département de Sciences de la Terre, avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
Daniel Beaufort
Affiliation:
HYDRASA-UMR 6532 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 40, avenue de Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Mohamed El Wartiti
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie appliquée, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences Agdal, Département de Sciences de la Terre, avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
Claude Fontaine
Affiliation:
HYDRASA-UMR 6532 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, 40, avenue de Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France
Boubker Boukili
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie appliquée, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences Agdal, Département de Sciences de la Terre, avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
Benacer El Mahi
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie appliquée, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences Agdal, Département de Sciences de la Terre, avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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The Gourougou volcanic massif (northeastern Morocco) is actively prospected for bentonite deposits. Five bentonites originating from different environments were selected for the present study: hydrothermal alteration of obsidian perlite glass inside the volcanoes themselves (Providencia and Tribia deposits); alteration of pyroclastic flows in a marine shallow water to lagoonal lacustrine environment (Ibourhardayn deposit); ash falls in marine or lacustrine systems (Moulay Rachid and Melg el Ouidan (formerly Camp Berteau) deposits). All of these bentonites were probably formed from volcanic glass originating from a rhyolitic magma at different stages of differentiation as shown by slight variations of REE and incompatible element abundances. The crystal-chemical characteristics of the smectite vary according to alteration conditions: beidellite predominates in hydrothermal systems, whereas montmorillonite predominates in lagoonal and lacustrine environments, and mixed-layer beidellite-montmorillonite in the sea-water-altered pyroclastic flows. All these dioctahedral smectites exhibit a heterogeneous distribution of charge as shown by the presence of partially expandable (1 EG) or non- expandable (0 EG) layers in the K-saturation state. The proportion of the collapsed or partially expandable layers is not related to the average layer charge or to the cation exchange capacity. This militates for an overall heterogeneous charge distribution. Compared to other natural or experimental alteration systems of similar rhyolitic glass, the formation of beidellite or montmorillonite appears to be controlled by the amounts of Mg in the system.

Keywords

AlterationCECLayer ChargeSmectiteVolcanic Glass
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 3 , June 2005 , pp. 250 - 267
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2005

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