Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T05:23:08.671Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clay Mineral Stability as Related to Activities of Aluminium, Silicon, and Magnesium in Matrix Solution of Montmorillonite-Containing Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

R. M. Weaver ,
M. L. Jackson  and
J. K. Syers
R. M. Weaver*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
M. L. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
J. K. Syers*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
*
*Present address: Department of Agronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.
†Present address: Department of Soil Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The influence of geomorphological site characteristics on soil clay mineral stability of montmorillonite-containing horizons of a southern Wisconsin soil catena was interpreted in terms of the solute activity function values of pSi(OH)4, pH-1/2pMg2+ and pH-1/3pAl3+ in suspensions of the separated clay fractions. Montmorillonite stability and/or formation vs that of kaolinite for the soil clays was evaluated by a plot of the solute activity functions on a three dimensional diagram derived for montmorillonite, kaolinite, and gibbsite at constant temperature (25°C) and constant pressure (one atm.). Although all the soil clays contained both montmorillonite and kaolinite, the position of the soil clay solute activity functions in the stability diagram clearly reflected the influence of the geomorphological—geochemical site conditions in which each soil horizon was developed, with corresponding differences in the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of the reactive fraction. Montmorillonite stability positions of the solute activity functions were induced by soils (clays with reactive fractions with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios = 3–4) from calcareous or poorly drained horizons, while kaolinite stability positions of the functions were induced by soils (clays with reactive fractions of SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios = 2) from acid, freely drained horizons.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , October 1976 , pp. 246 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © 1976 The Clay Minerals Society

References

Bohn, H. L. (1967) The (Fe) (OH)3 ion product in suspensions of acid soils: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 31, 641–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, J. N. (1964) Ionic Equilibrium. Addison-Wesley Inc., Reading, Mass.Google Scholar
Garrels, R. M. and Christ, C. L. (1965) Solutions, Minerals and Equilibria. Harper & Row, New York.Google Scholar
Hashimoto, I. and Jackson, M. L. (1960) Rapid dissolution of allophane and kaolinite–halloysite after dehydration: Clays & Clay Minerals 6, 144–153.Google Scholar
Helgeson, H. C. (1968) Evaluation of irreversible reactions in geochemical processes involving minerals and aqueous solutions—I: Thermodynamic relations: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 32, 853–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hem, J. D. and Roberson, C. E. (1967) Form and stability of aluminum hydroxide complexes in dilute solution: U.S. Geol. Water-Supply Paper 1827-A.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. L. (1969) Soil Chemical Analysis—Advanced Course, 3rd Edition, 8th Printing, 1973: Published by the author, Department of Soil Sci., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc. 53706.Google Scholar
Kittrick, J. A., (1966a) The free energy of formation of gibbsite and ${\rm{Al(OH)}}_4^ - $ from solubility measurements: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 30, 595–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kittrick, J. A. (1966b) Free energy of formation of kaolinite from solubility measurements: Am. Miner. 51, 1457–1466.Google Scholar
Kittrick, J. A. (1969) Soil minerals in the Al2O3–SiO2–H2O system and a theory of their formation: Clays & Clay Minerals 17, 157–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kittrick, J. A. (1971) Stability of montmorillonites—I: Belle Fourche and Clay Spur Montmorillonites: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 35, 140–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latimer, W. M. (1952) Oxidation Potentials 2nd Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.Google Scholar
Paces, T. (1973) Steady-state kinetics and equilibrium between ground water and granitic rock: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 2641–2663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rainwater, F. H. and Thatcher, L. L. (1960) Methods for collection and analysis of water samples: Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1454.Google Scholar
Rossini, F. D., Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Levine, S. and Jaffe, I. (1952) Selected values of thermodynamic properties: Nat. Bur. Standards Circ. 500. U.S. Dept. of Commerce.Google Scholar
Smith, G. Frederick, McCurdy, W. H. Jr. and Diehl, H. (1952) The colorimetric determination of iron in raw and treated municipal water supplies by use of 4: 7-diphenyl-1: 10-phenanthroline: Analyst 77, 418–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tardy, Yves and Garrels, R. M. (1974) A method of estimating the Gibbs energies of formation of layer silicates: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 1101–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, R. M., Syers, J. K. and Jackson, M. L. (1968) Determination of silica in citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite extracts of soils: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 32, 497–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, R. M., Jackson, M. L. and Syers, J. K. (1971) Magnesium and silicon activities in matrix solutions of montmorillonite-containing soils in relation to clay mineral stability: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 35, 823–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, R. M. (1975) Gibbsite–kaolinite stability in some Brazilian Oxisols: Agronomy Abstracts for 1975 Am. Soc. Agron. Annual Meetings, Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wisc., p. 176; full paper being submitted to Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.Google Scholar