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Biogeochemical and Environmental Factors in Fe Biomineralization: Magnetite and Siderite Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Y. Roh ,
C.-L. Zhang ,
H. Vali ,
R. J. Lauf ,
J. Zhou  and
T. J. Phelps
Y. Roh*
Affiliation:
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
C.-L. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
H. Vali
Affiliation:
Electron Microscopy Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
R. J. Lauf
Affiliation:
Metal and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
J. Zhou
Affiliation:
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
T. J. Phelps
Affiliation:
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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The formation of siderite and magnetite by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria may play an important role in C and Fe geochemistry in subsurface and ocean sediments. The objective of this study was to identify environmental factors that control the formation of siderite (FeCO3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. Psychrotolerant (<20°C), mesophilic (20–35°C) and thermophilic (>45°C) Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were used to examine the reduction of a poorly crystalline iron oxide, akaganeite (β-FeOOH), without a soluble electron shuttle, anthraquinone disulfuonate (AQDS), in the presence of N2, N2-CO2(80:20, V:V), H2 and H2-CO2 (80:20, V:V) headspace gases as well as in -buffered medium (30–210 mM) under a N2 atmosphere. Iron biomineralization was also examined under different growth conditions such as salinity, pH, incubation time, incubation temperature and electron donors. Magnetite formation was dominant under a N2 and a H2 atmosphere. Siderite formation was dominant under a H2-CO2 atmosphere. A mixture of magnetite and siderite was formed in the presence of a N2-CO2 headspace. Akaganeite was reduced and transformed to siderite and magnetite in a -buffered medium (>120 mM) with lactate as an electron donor in the presence of a N2 atmosphere. Biogeochemical and environmental factors controlling the phases of the secondary mineral suite include medium pH, salinity, electron donors, atmospheric composition and incubation time. These results indicate that microbial Fe(III) reduction may play an important role in Fe and C biogeochemistry as well as C sequestration in natural environments.

Keywords

BiomineralizationCarbon CyclesFe(III)-reducing BacteriaMagnetiteSiderite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 1 , February 2003 , pp. 83 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © 2003, The Clay Minerals Society

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