Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T02:13:43.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Geological Origin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

William F. Moll Jr.
William F. Moll Jr.*
Affiliation:
7222 Braemar Circle, Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014-6604, USA
*
E-mail of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In any clay deposit, the nature of the mineral assemblage and the composition of individual clay minerals can change radically in a few em. Consequently, any given locality can contain many subtly different types of clay minerals. Results from different laboratories on ostensibly the same clay material may not always be comparable because the samples may indeed not contain an assembly of identical clay minerals. Such confusion slows the understanding of this important group of minerals. Several attempts were made to provide investigators with reasonably constant clay materials, the first being that of the American Petroleum Institute Project 49 (Kerr, 1949). The Clay Minerals Society Source Clays project proposed to provide investigators with gently homogenized clay materials, carefully collected and processed under the supervision of clay specialists. The collection would include metric ton amounts to ensure a long-lasting collection. The program began in 1972, with the introduction of the materials described in this paper. Later the program expanded to include the Special Clays. These samples are materials not amenable to homogenization, or they are available in very small amounts.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 49 , Issue 5 , October 2001 , pp. 374 - 380
Copyright
Copyright © 2001, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Ames, L.L. Jr Sand, L.B. and Goldich, S.S., 1958 A contribution on the Hector, California, bentonite deposit Economic Geology 53 22–37 10.2113/gsecongeo.53.1.22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, P.-Y., 1968 Geology and mineralogy of the white bentonite beds of Gonzales County, Texas Austin, Texas University of Texas.Google Scholar
Drombrowski, T., Murray, H. Bundy, W. and Harvey, C., 1993 Theories for origin of the Georgia kaolin Kaolin Genesis and Utilization Boulder Colorado Clay Minerals Society 75–98.Google Scholar
Eargle, D.H., 1959 Stratigraphy of the Jackson Group (Eocene) South Central Texas American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 43 2623–2635.Google Scholar
Elzea, J.M. and Murray, H.H., 1990 Variations in the mineralogical, chemical and physical properties of the Cretaceous Clay Spur bentonite in Wyoming and Montana (USA) Applied Clay Science 5 229–248 10.1016/0169-1317(90)90012-E.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elzea, J. Murray, H.H. and Carr, D.D., 1994 Bentonite Industrial Minerals and Rocks Littleton, Colorado Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration 233–246.Google Scholar
Elzea Kogel, J., Pickering, S.M. Jr., Shelobolina, E., Yuan, J., Chowns, T.M. and Avant, D.M. Jr. (2000) Geology of the Commercial Kaolin Mining District of Central and Eastern Georgia. Georgia Geological Society Guidebooks, 20, number 1, Atlanta, 92 pp.Google Scholar
Eyde, T.H. and Eyde, D.T. (1987) Bentonite and specialty sand deposits in the Bidahochi Formation, Apache County, Arizona. Pp. 123–127 in: Proceedings of the 21st Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals (Pierce, H.W., editor). Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology.Google Scholar
Foshag, W.R. and Woodford, A.O., 1936 Bentonite magnesium clay-mineral from California American Mineralogist 21 238–244.Google Scholar
Granquist, W.T. (1966) Synthetic Silicate Minerals. U.S. Patent 3,252,757.Google Scholar
Huddlestun, P. (1988) The Miocene through the Holocene, a revision of the lithostratigraphic units in the coastal plain of Georgia. Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin, 104, 162 pp.Google Scholar
Kerr, P.F. (1949) Reference Clay Minerals, A.P.I. Project 49. American Petroleum Institute.Google Scholar
Kiersch, G.A. and Keller, W.D., 1955 Bleaching clay deposits, Sanders-Defiance Plateau District, Navajo County, Arizona Economic Geology 50 469–494 10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knechtel, M.M. and Patterson, S.H., 1962 Bentonite deposits of the northern Black Hills District, Wyoming, Montana and South Dakota U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1082–M 893–1030.Google Scholar
MacEwan, D.M.C. Ruiz Amil, A. Brown, G. and Brown, G., 1961 Interstratified Clay Minerals The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals London Mineralogical Society 393–445.Google Scholar
Merkl, R.S. (1989) A sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical study of the Fuller’s Earth deposits of the Miocene Hawthorne group of south Georgia–north Florida. Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University, 182 p.Google Scholar
Millot, G., 1970 Geology of Clays. Weathering, Sedimentology, Geochemistry Paris Springer Verlag 429 p. (Translated by W.R. Farrand and H. Paquet).Google Scholar
Moll, W.F. Jr, van Olphen, H. and Fripiat, J.J., 1979 Origin of CMS Samples Data Handbook for Clay Materials and Other Non-Metallic Minerals Oxford Pergamon Press 69–125.Google Scholar
Patterson, S.H. (1974) Fuller’s Earth and other mineral resources of the Meigs-Attapulgus-Quincy District, Georgia and Florida. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 828, 45 pp.Google Scholar
Patterson, S.H. and Buie, B.F. (1974) Field Conference on Kaolin and Fuller’s Earth, November 14–16, 1974. Georgia Geological Survey, Guidebook, 14, 53 pp.Google Scholar
Pickering, S. Jr Murray, H.H. and Carr, D.D., 1994 Kaolin Industrial Minerals and Rocks Littleton, Colorado Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration 255–277.Google Scholar
Pruett, R.J. and Webb, H.L., 1993 Sampling and analysis of KGa-1b well-crystallized kaolin source clay Clays and Clay Minerals 41 514–519 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, C.S. and Hendricks, S.B. (1945) Minerals of the mont-morillonite group. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 205–B.Google Scholar
Slaughter, M. and Earley, J.W. (1965) Mineralogical and geological significance of the Mowry Bentonites, Wyoming. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 83.Google Scholar
Sloane, R.L. and Guilbert, J.M., 1967 Electron-optical study of alteration to smectite in the Cheto clay deposit Clays and Clay Minerals 15 35–44 10.1346/CCMN.1967.0150104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, A.C. Granquist, W.T. and Kennedy, J.V., 1972 Catalysis by layer lattice silicates I. The structure and thermal modification of a synthetic ammonium dioctahedral clay Journal of Catalysis 25 65–80 10.1016/0021-9517(72)90202-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar