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Aspects on the Illitization of the Kinnekulle Bentonites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Roland Pusch  and
Fritz T. Madsen
Roland Pusch
Affiliation:
Clay Technology AB and Lund University of Technology, S-22370 Lund, Sweden
Fritz T. Madsen
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Clay Mineralogy, Division of Geotechnical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract

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Earlier interpretations of the conversion of the virgin smectite of the Ordovician Kinnekulle K-bentonites into the present mixed-layer illite/smectite imply that it took place through charge increase of the smectite with subsequent uptake and fixation of potassium. Recent analyses show that the layer charge of the smectite component of the I/S is in fact low and they suggest that neoformation of a separate illite phase took place. Pytte's kinetic model gives good agreement with the actual conversion rate for an activation energy of about 25–27 kcal/mole, depending on the adopted rate parameters, temperature history and assumed potassium source. In the Kinnekulle case the rate-controlling factor appears to have been the supply of potassium, which is concluded to have required large-scale, heat-induced groundwater convection.

Keywords

BentoniteIllitizationSmectites
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 43 , Issue 3 , June 1995 , pp. 261 - 270
Copyright
Copyright © 1995, The Clay Minerals Society

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