Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T04:33:11.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Activity Diagrams of Zeolites: Implications for the Occurrences of Zeolites in Turkey and of Erionite Worldwide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Rezan Birsoy
Rezan Birsoy*
Affiliation:
Dokuz Eylül University, Engineering Faculty, Geology Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Sedimentary zeolite occurrences are widespread in Central and Western Anatolia, Turkey. Erionite occurrences in Central Anatolia have significant health implications for inhabitants of the region. The widespread occurrences of zeolites are generally associated with volcano-sedimentary rocks and consist of low-temperature forms. The aim of the work was to define specifically the formation mechanism and chemical characteristics of these volcano-sedimentary deposits, and particularly, the stability conditions for erionite. The first step was to construct chemical potential diagrams and calculate thermodynamic data for erionite and Ca-saponite. Then, equilibrium activity diagrams were calculated for the zeolites and related minerals in the system of Ca-Na-K-Mg-Fe-Al-Si and H2O. Stability diagrams for log [aCa2+/(aH+)2] — log [aNa+/aH+] and log [aCa2+/(aH+)2] — log [aK+/aH+] for various saturation phase activities of Al3+ and SiO2 (aq) were plotted for sedimentary conditions. The coexisting phases and chemical characteristics of the each deposit were evaluated by examination of the activity diagrams. Deposits which do not include some of the common sedimentary zeolites, possibly have high Al3+ activity (equal to or greater than gibbsite saturation) or low SiO(aq) activity (less than quartz saturation) during formation. In addition, erionite was found to be very sensitive to the alkalinity of the system and is stable in only a limited range of thermochemical conditions.

Keywords

Activity-diagramsErioniteTurkeyZeolites
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 1 , February 2002 , pp. 136 - 144
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Baykal, A. (1995) Güneşli (Gördes) zeolitli Neojen serilerinin kil mineralojisi. Pp. 141–143 in: VII Ulusal Kil Semposyumu, Bildiriler Kitabi, Turkey.Google Scholar
Bish, D.L. and Chipera, S., (1991) Detection of trace amount of erionite using X-ray powder diffraction: Erionite in tuffs of Yucca Mountain, Nevada and Central Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 39 437–445 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390413.Google Scholar
Bowers, T.S. and Burns, R.G., (1990) Activity diagrams for clinoptilolite: Susceptibility of this zeolite to further diagenetic reactions American Mineralogist 75 601 619.Google Scholar
Bowers, T.S., Jackson, K.J. and Helgeson, H.C. (1984) Equilibrium Activity Diagrams. Springer-Verlag, 397 pp.Google Scholar
Chen, C.H., (1975) A method for estimation of standard free energies of formation of silicate minerals at 298.15 K American Journal of Science 275 801–817 10.2475/ajs.275.7.801.Google Scholar
Chipera, S. and Bish, D.L., (1997) Equilibrium modeling of clinoptilolite-analcime equilibria at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA Clays and Clay Minerals 45 226–239 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450211.Google Scholar
Esenli, F., (1993) The chemical changes during zeolitization (Heulandite-Clinoptilolite type) of the acidic tuffs in the Gördes Neogene Basin Geological Bulletin of Turkey 6 37 44.Google Scholar
Esenli, F. and Özpeker, I., (1993) Zeolitic diagenesis of Neogene basin and the mineralogy of Heulandite-Clinoptilolite around Gördes Geological Bulletin of Turkey 8 1 18.Google Scholar
Esenli, F. Uz, B. and Kumbasar, I., (1997) Mordenite type zeolite occurrence in the Upper Cretaceous volcanics of Şile region, Istanbul-Turkey Geological Bulletin of Turkey 40 43 49.Google Scholar
Garrels, R.M. and Christ, C.L., (1965) Solutions, Minerals and Equilibria New York, USA Harper and Row 450 pp.Google Scholar
Gude, A.J. and Sheppard, R.A., (1981) Woolly erionite from the Reese River zeolite deposit, Lander County, Nevada, and its relationship to other erionites Clays and Clay Minerals 29 378–384 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290507.Google Scholar
Gündoǵdu, M.N., (1984) Bigadiç gölsel baseninin jeolojisi Yerbilimleri 11 91 104.Google Scholar
Gündoǵdu, M.N. Bonnot-Coutois, C. and Clauer, N., (1989) Isotopic and chemical signatures of sedimentary smectite and diagenetic clinoptilolite of lacustrine Neogene basin near Bigadiç, Western Turkey Applied Geochemistry 4 635–644 10.1016/0883-2927(89)90073-5.Google Scholar
Gündoǵdu, M.N. Tenekeci, Öner, F. Dündar, A. and Kayakıran, S., (1985) Clay mineralogy of Beypazarı Trona deposits: Preliminary results Proceedings of the 2nd Turkish National Clay Symposium Ankara, Turkey Hacettepe University 141 143.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L., Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., (1978) Geologic occurrence of zeolites Natural Zeolites, Occurrence, Properties, Use New York, USA Pergamon Press 135 143.Google Scholar
Helgeson, H.C., Delany, J.M., Nesbitt, H.W. and Bird, D.K. (1978) Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals. American Journal of Science, 278–A, 229 pp.Google Scholar
Helvacı, C. Inci, U. and Yılmaz, H., (1987) Geology and Neogene trona deposits of the Beypazarı region, Turkey Doğa Mühendislik ve Çevre Dergisi 13 245 256.Google Scholar
İçöz, S. and Türkmenoǵlu, A. (1997) Mineralogical, petro-graphical and geochemical investigation of Eocene-Oligocene clastics from Keşan region, related to their origins, Thrace. Pp. 37–49 in: Proceedings of the VIII National Clay Symposium, Kütahya, Turkey.Google Scholar
Johnson, G.K. Flotow, H.E. O’Hare, P.A.G. and Wise, W.S., (1983) Thermodynamic studies of zeolites: natrolite, mesolite and scolecite American Mineralogist 68 1134 1145.Google Scholar
Korzhinskii, D.S., (1959) Physicochemical Basis of the Analysis of the Paragenesis of Minerals London Chapman & Hall 142 pp.Google Scholar
La Iglasia, A. and Aznar, A.J., (1984) A method estimating the Gibbs energies of formation of zeolites Zeolites 6 26–29 10.1016/0144-2449(86)90007-2.Google Scholar
Nriagu, J.O., (1975) Thermochemical approximations for clay minerals American. Mineralogist 60 834 839.Google Scholar
Robie, R.A. Hemingway, B.S. and Fisher, J.R., (1978) Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar (105 pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures United State Geological Survey Bulletin 1452 456.Google Scholar
Ross, M. Nolan, R.P. Langer, A.M. Cooper, W.C., Guthrie, G.D. Jr. and Mossman, B.T., (1993) Health effects of mineral dusts other than asbestos Health Effects of Mineral Dusts Washington, D.C. Mineralogical Society of America 361–407 10.1515/9781501509711-015 Reviews in Mineralogy, 28 .Google Scholar
Schmitz, H.-H., (1991) Ölschiefer des Miozäns in der Turkei — eine außergewöhnliche Genese in Zentralanatolien Geologisches Jahrbuch A127 365 390.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A., Jacobs, P.A. and Van Santen, R.A., (1989) Zeolitic alteration of zeolitic tuffs, Western Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA Zeolites: Facts, Figures, Future The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 501 510.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. (1991) Zeolitic diagenesis of tuffs in the Miocene Chalk Hills formation. Western Snake River Plain, Idaho. United State Geological Survey Bulletin, 1963, 27 pp.Google Scholar
Sirkecioǵlu, A., Esenli, F., Kumbasar, I., Eren, R.H. and Şenatalar, E.A. (1990) Mineralogical and chemical properties of Bigadiç clinoptilolite. Pp. 291–302 in: International Earth Sciences Congress on Aegean Regions (IESCA 1990) V I (Savaşçin, M.Y. and Eronat, A.H., editors).Google Scholar
Surdam, R.C. Sheppard, R.A., Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., (1978) Zeolites in saline, alkaline-lake deposits Natural Zeolites, Occurrence, Properties, Use New York, USA Pergamon Press 145 174.Google Scholar
Tardy, Y. and Garrels, R.M., (1974) A method of estimating the Gibbs energies of formation of layer silicates Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 38 1101–1116 10.1016/0016-7037(74)90007-6.Google Scholar
Temel, A. and Gündoǵdu, M.N., (1996) Zeolite occurrences and the erionite-mesothelioma relationship in Cappadocia, central Anatolia, Turkey Mineralium Deposita 31 539–547 10.1007/BF00196134.Google Scholar
Yalçın, H., (1988) Kirka (Eskişehir) yöresi volkano-sedimentar oluşumlarının mineralojik-petrografik ve jeokimyasal incelenmesi Ankara Hacettepe Universitesi 209 pp.Google Scholar
Yalçin, H. Gündoǵdu, M.N., Gündoǵdu, M.N. and Aksoy, H., (1985) Emet gölsel Neojen baseninin kil mineralojisi II Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu Bildirileri Ankara, Turkey Hacettepe Universitesi 155 170.Google Scholar
Yalçın, H. and Gündoǵdu, M.N., (1987) Neojen yaşlı Emet gölsel volkanosedimenter baseninin mineralojik-petrografik incelenmesi: Neoformasyon minerallerinin oluşumu ve daǵılımı Yerbilimleri 14 45 61.Google Scholar
Yalçın, H., Karayiǵit, A.I., Cicioǵlu, E. and Gümüşer, G. (1997) Relationship between clay mineralogy and wholerock geochemistry of Sorgun (Yozgat) Eocene Coal Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Pp. 15–24 in: Proceedings of the 8th National Clay Symposium, Kütahya, Turkey.Google Scholar
Wesolowski, D.J., (1992) Aluminium speciation and equilibria in aqueous solution: I. Gibbsite solubility in the system Na-K-Cl-OH-Al(OH)4 from 0 to 100°C Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56 1065–1092 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90047-M.Google Scholar
Wesolowski, D.J. and Palmer, D.A., (1994) Aluminium speciation and equilibria in aqueous solution: V. Gibbsite solubility at 50°C and pH 3–9 in 0.1 molal NaCl solutions Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58 2947–2970 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90171-6.Google Scholar