Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T22:00:50.039Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Acoustic and Electroacoustic Characterization of Variable-Charge Mineral Suspensions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Marianne Guerin
Affiliation:
The University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA
John C. Seaman*
Affiliation:
The University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA
Charlotte Lehmann
Affiliation:
The University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA
Arthur Jurgenson
Affiliation:
Savannah River Technology Center, Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Acoustic and electroacoustic measurements of particle-size distribution (PSD) and zeta potential (ζ potential), respectively, were used to obtain in situ measures of the effects of suspension concentration and pH on interactions between mixed-charge clays and clay minerals from a highly weathered sediment. Measurements were obtained in concentrated suspensions as a function of weight fraction and as a function of pH during titrations. Standard dispersion and centrifugation methods were used to obtain a comparative measure of PSD. Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction patterns were used to obtain semi-quantitative and descriptive analyses, respectively, of the sediment, which is composed of Fe oxide minerals, kaolinite, gibbsite, quartz, crandallite, chlorite and traces of other clay minerals. Acoustic measurements showed that the PSD of the clay fraction varied with suspension concentration, and electroacoustic measurements showed the ‘bulk’ ζ potential increased in absolute value as the suspension concentration decreased. Titration results were also sensitive to suspension concentration. Acoustic measurements indicated that the suspensions became unstable at ∼pH 7.5–8.0, as the attenuation spectra changed character near this pH and the calculated PSD shifted to a larger particle size. This pH value is near the points of zero charge of goethite and gibbsite, as verified by titrations on mineral standards. The results confirm the central role oxide minerals play in regulating clay mineral interactions in highly weathered sediments, and indicate that the average ζ potential of a suspension may be a poor indicator of controls on suspension stability.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Anderson, B.R. and Benjamin, M.M., (1990) Surface and bulk characteristics of binary oxide suspensions Environmental Science and Technology 24 692698 10.1021/es00075a013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arias, M. Barral, M.T. and Diaz-Fierros, F., (1995) Effects of iron and aluminum oxides on the colloidal and surface properties of kaolin Clays and Clay Minerals 43 406416 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertsch, P. and Seaman, J., (1999) Characterization of complex mineral assemblages: Implications for contaminant transport and remediation Proceedings of the National Academies of Science, USA 96 33503357 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3350 March.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., (1984) Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 495 pp.Google Scholar
Brunauer, S. Emmett, P.H. and Teller, E., (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers Journal of the American Chemical Society 60 309319 10.1021/ja01269a023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunn, R.A., (2002) Mobilization of natural colloids from an iron oxide coated sand aquifer: effect of pH and ionic strength Environmental Science and Technology 36 314322 10.1021/es0109141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cerpa, A. García-González, M.T. Tartaj, P. Requena, J. Garcell, L. and Serna, C.J., (1999) Mineral content and particle-size effects on the colloidal properties of concentrated lateritic suspensions Clays and Clay Minerals 47 515521 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, A.L. Galassi, C. and Greenwood, R., (1999) Alpha-alumina-H2O interface analysis by electroacoustic measurements Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 212 350356 10.1006/jcis.1998.6070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, J.A. Kent, D.B. and White, A.F., (1990) Surface complexation modeling in aqueous geochemistry Mineral-Water Interface Geochemistry Washington, D.C Mineralogical Society of America 177260 10.1515/9781501509131-009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J., (1996) Acoustic and electro-acoustic spectroscopy Langmuir 12 43364344 10.1021/la951086q.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J., (1996) Acoustic spectroscopy for concentrated polydisperse colloids with high density contrast Langmuir 12 49874997 10.1021/la951085y.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J., (1998) Characterization of aggregation phenomena by means of acoustic and electro-acoustic spectroscopy Colloids and Surfaces 144 4958 10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00565-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J., (2000) Characterization of concentrated dispersions with several dispersed phases by means of acoustic spectroscopy Langmuir 16 75977604 10.1021/la991600i.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J., (2001) Installation Handbook and User Manual — Model DT-1200 Electroacoustic Spectrometer Bedford Hills, New York, USA Dispersion Technology.Google Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. and Goetz, P.J., (2002) Ultrasound for Characterizing Colloids Amsterdam Elsevier 372 pp.Google Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. Ohshima, H. Shilov, V.N. and Goetz, P.J., (1999) Electroacoustics for concentrated dispersions Langmuir 15 34453451 10.1021/la9813836.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. Shilov, V.N. Ohshima, H. and Goetz, P.J., (1999) Electroacoustic phenomena in concentrated dispersions: New theory and CVI experiment Langmuir 15 66926706 10.1021/la990317g.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dukhin, A.S. Goetz, P.J. and Truesdail, S., (2001) Titration of concentrated dispersions using electroacoustic potential probe Langmuir 17 964968 10.1021/la001024m.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galassi, C. Costa, A.L. and Pozzi, P., (2001) Influence of ionic environment and pH on the electrokinetic properties of ball clays Clays and Clay Minerals 49 263269 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guerin, M. and Seaman, J.C., (2004) Characterizing clay mineral suspensions using acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy — a review Clays and Clay Minerals 52 145157 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honeyman, B.D., (1984) Cation and anion adsorption at the oxide/solution interface in systems containing binary mixtures of adsorbents: an investigation of the concept of adsorptive additivity Stanford Stanford University PhD thesis.Google Scholar
Hong, Z. and Xiao-Nian, Z., (1992) Contribution of iron and aluminum oxides to electrokinetic charge characteristics of variable charge soils in relation to surface charge Pedosphere 2 3142.Google Scholar
Hunter, R.J., (1981) Zeta Potential in Colloid Science New York Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hunter, R.J., (1998) Recent development in the electroacoustic characterization of colloidal suspensions and emulsions Colloids and Surfaces 141 3765 10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00202-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, R.J., (2001) Foundations of Colloid Science New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hunter, R.J. and James, M., (1992) Charge reversal of kaolinite by hydrolyzable metal ions: An electroacoustic study Clays and Clay Minerals 40 644649 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.L., (1979) Soil Chemical Analysis: Advanced Course Madison, Wisconsin, USA M.L. Jackson.Google Scholar
Johnson, S.B. Russell, A.S. and Scales, P.J., (1998) Volume fraction effects in shear rheology and electroacoustic studies of concentrated alumina and kaolin suspensions Colloids and Surfaces 141 119130 10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00208-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S.B. Dixon, D.R. and Scales, P.J., (1999) The electrokinetic and shear yield stress properties of kaolinite in the presence of aluminum ions Colloids and Surfaces 146 281291 10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00726-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S.B. Scales, P.J. and Healy, T.W., (1999) The binding of monovalent electrolyte ions on alpha-alumina. 1. Electroacoustic studies at high electrolyte concentrations Langmuir 15 28362843 10.1021/la980875f.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosmulski, M., (2002) The pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 235 7787 10.1006/jcis.2002.8490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, K. and Pierre, A.C., (1997) Effect of interaction between clay particles and Fe3+ ions on colloidal properties of kaolinite suspensions Clays and Clay Minerals 45 733744 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClements, D.J., (1991) Ultrasonic characterisation of emulsions and suspensions Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 37 3372 10.1016/0001-8686(91)80038-L.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.L., (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a diothionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate Proceedings of the Seventh International Clay Conference New York Earth Science, Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
O’Brien, R.W. Cannon, D.W. and Rowlands, W.N., (1995) Electroacoustic determination of particle size and zeta potential Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 173 406418 10.1006/jcis.1995.1341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowlands, W.N. and Hunter, R.J., (1992) Electroacoustic study of adsorption of cetylpryidinium chloride on kaolinite Clays and Clay Minerals 40 287291 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, W.R. Krapac, I. Chow, S.F.J. and Griffin, R.A., (1991) Batch-type procedures for estimating soil adsorption of chemicals Champaign, Illinois, USA US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/530-SW-87-006-F.Google Scholar
Ryan, J.N. and Gschwend, P.M., (1994) Effect of solution chemistry on clay colloid release from an iron oxide coated aquifer sand Environmental Science and Technology 28 17171726 10.1021/es00058a025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, J.N. and Gschwend, P.M., (1994) Effects of ionic strength and flow rate on colloid release: Relating kinetics to intersurface potential energy Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 164 2134 10.1006/jcis.1994.1139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, J.N. and Elimelech, M., (1996) Colloid mobilization and trans port in groundwater Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 107 156 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03384-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwertmann, U. and Cornell, R.M., (1991) Iron Oxides in the Laboratory: Preparation and Characterization New York VCH Publishers, Inc..Google Scholar
Seaman, J.C. and Bertsch, P.M., (2000) Selective colloid mobilization through surface charge manipulation Environmental Science and Technology 34 37493755 10.1021/es001056w.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seaman, J.C. Bertsch, P.M. and Miller, W.P., (1995) Chemical controls on colloid generation and transport in a sandy aquifer Environmental Science and Technology 29 18081815 10.1021/es00007a018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seaman, J.C. Bertsch, P.M. and Miller, W.P., (1995) Ionic tracer movement through highly weathered sediments Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 20 127143 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00043-U.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seaman, J.C. Bertsch, P.M. and Strom, R.N., (1997) Characterization of colloids mobilized from Southeastern Coastal Plain Sediments Environmental Science and Technology 31 27822790 10.1021/es961075z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sindi, I. Biscan, J. and Pravdic, V., (1996) Electrokinetics of pure clay minerals revisited Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 178 514522 10.1006/jcis.1996.0146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sposito, G., (1984) The Surface Chemistry of Soils New York Oxford University Press 234 pp.Google Scholar
Sposito, G., (1989) The Chemistry of Soils New York Oxford University Press 277 pp.Google Scholar
Strom, R.N. and Kaback, D.S., (1992) SRP Baseline Hydrogeologic Investigation: Aquifer Characterization Groundwater Geochemistry of the Savannah River Site and Vicinity (U) USA Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Environmental Sciences Section 98 pp.Google Scholar
Swartz, C.H. Ulery, A.L. and Gschwend, P.M., (1997) An AEM-TEM study of nanometer-scale mineral associations in an aquifer sand: Implications for colloid mobilization Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 707718 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00376-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yong, R.N. and Ohtsubo, M., (1987) Interparticle action and rheology of kaolinite-amorphous iron hydroxide (ferrihydrite) complexes Applied Clay Science 2 6381 10.1016/0169-1317(87)90014-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar