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Structures of Brittle Micas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Y. Takéuchi
Y. Takéuchi*
Affiliation:
Mineralogical Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract

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The crystal structures of xanthophyllite, CaMg2Al(Al3Si)O10(OH)2(a 1M structure) and margarite CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2(a 2M1 structure), have been refined by three-dimensional least squares. Ordering of Mg and Al has been observed in the octahedral layers of xanthophyllite. There is no significant evidence for ordering among cations in the silicate layers of margarite. The tetrahedra are rotated about 23° in xanthophyllite and about 21° in margarite. The configuration of the octahedral layers in margarite has the same features as those in muscovite and dickite.

The mode of deformation of the silicate layer is roughly similar in both structures, but there are important differences. These differences are caused by the different configurations of the octahedral layers and are a common feature among micas. In the aluminum octahedral layer, the oxygen hexagons whose corners are apices of tetrahedra have short edges of 2.81Å and a pair of longer edges of 3.35Å (distances are averages obtained from the structures of margarite, muscovite and dickite). Because of these longer edges, the tetrahedra in the dioctahedral micas are tilted in addition to having rotations caused by the short edges. The z-parameters of the basal oxygen atoms in the tetrahedra thus show maximum deviations of 0.19 ± 0.03Å in margarite and 0.12 ± 0.03Å for muscovite. On the other hand, in trioctahedral micas, the edges of the oxygen hexagons are almost the same length, with a maximum deviation of 0. 05Å. The silicate layers in trioctahedral micas are accordingly almost free from tilting of tetrahedra. The difference in z-parameters in dioctahedral micas causes a corrugation of layers and also causes a shift of interlayer cations.

It is known that in trioctahedral micas, the direction of the OH bond is perpendicular to (001), while in muscovite it is inclined to the b-axis. Taking into account this asymmetrical orientation of the OH bond, together with the above-mentioned interlayer cation shifts, it is possible to show that a layer stacking by the operation of the twofold axis in the space group of the 2M1 structure is no longer identical with that produced by rotations of ± 120° about an axis perpendicular to (001). A more restricted number of operations would therefore be possible in the generation of polytypes.

An index, D, has been defined that is a direct measure of the misfit between octahedral and tetrahedral layers. It will be shown that the layer silicates may be classified into three categories with the aid of this index.

Type
Symposium on Structural Aspects of Layer Silicate
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 13 , February 1964 , pp. 1 - 25
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1964

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