Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:26:49.101Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nonmontmorillonitic Composition of Some Bentonite Beds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

L. G. Schultz
L. G. Schultz*
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Although the wide range of minerals resulting from alteration of tuffaceous rocks under hydrothermal and weathering conditions is well known, the extent of variation in composition of discrete bentonite beds subjected only to normal diagenesis and compaction is perhaps less well known.

Three bentonite samples from the Atoka Formation of Pennsylvanian age are predominantly mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite with subordinate kaolinite. Most bentonites in the Fierre Shale of Late Cretaceous age are entirely montmorillonite, but a few contain some kaolinite; one is predominantly kaolinite; some also contain appreciable interlayer Al(OH)3 or Mg(OH)2 forming a mixed-layer montmorillonite-chlorite clay; several are composed of considerable clinoptilolite, and one is largely phillipsite. Bentonite beds in the Carmel Formation of Middle and Late Jurassic age differ among themselves in composition; in a few, illite is the dominant clay; in others, mixed-layer chlorite-montmorillonite-illite in different proportions is the dominant clay; kaolinite is common and makes up nearly half of one sample. A rhyolite tuff near Denver, Colorado, has been altered to halloysite. Reasons for variation in the composition of these bentonites are only partly understood.

Type
Symposium on Clay Mineral Transformation
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 11 , February 1962 , pp. 169 - 177
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1962

Footnotes

Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey.

References

Ames, L. L., Sand, L. B., and Goldich, S. S. (1958) A contribution on the Hector, California, bentonite deposit: Econ. Geol., v. 53, pp. 22–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, A. E., Jonas, E. C., and Odum, H. T. (1958) Alteration of clay minerals by digestive processes of marine organisms: Science, v. 127, pp. 190–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrew, R. W., Jackson, M. L. and Wada, K. (1960) Intersalation as a technique for differentiation of kaolinite from chloritic minerals by X-ray diffraction: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., v. 24, pp. 422–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bramlette, M. N., and Posnjak, E. (1933) Zeolitic alteration of pyroclastics: Amer. Min., v. 18, pp. 167–171.Google Scholar
Brown, G. (1951) Nomenclature of the mica clay minerals, pt. II of the mica clay minerals, in Brindley, G. W., ed., X-ray Identification and Structure of the Clay Minerals: London, The Mineralogical Soc., pp. 155–172.Google Scholar
Bystrom, A. M. (1954) "Mixed-layer" minerals from the Ordovician bentonite beds at Kinnekulle, Sweden: Nature, v. 173, p.p. 783–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caillere, S., and Henin, (1949) Experimental formation of ehlorites from montmorillonite: Min. Mag., v. 28, pp. 612–620.Google Scholar
Deffeyes, K. S. (1959) Zeolites in sedimentary rocks: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 29, pp. 602–609.Google Scholar
Denisov, A. M., and Kovalenko, D. N. (1955) The mineral compositions of some bentonite clays in the Ukraine: Akad. Nauk. Ukr. SSB., Sobornik 1955, no. 1, pp. 15–22.Google Scholar
Fenner, C. N. (1916) Bore hole investigation in Yellowstone Park: J. Geology, v. 44, pp. 225–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frezon, S. E., and Schultz, L. G. (1961) Possible bentonite beds in the Atoka Formation in Arkansas and Oklahoma, in Short papers in the Geologic and Hydrologie Sciences: O.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 424-C, pp. C82–84.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1953) Clay Mineralogy: McGraw-Hill, New York, 384 pp.Google Scholar
Hathaway, J. C. (1955) Studies of some vermiculite-type clay minerals: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Res. Council pub. 395, pp. 74–86.Google Scholar
Hofmann, Franz (1956) Zur Frage der Entstehung des glimmerartigen Tons in der Trias des Mente Casiano, Kanton Tessin: Schweiz. Miner. u. Petrog. Mitt., Bd. 36, pp. 489–496.Google Scholar
Hosterman, J. W., Scheid, V. E., Allen, V. T., and Sohn, I. G. (1960) Investigations of some clay deposits in Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1091, 147 pp.Google Scholar
Hunt, C. B. (1954) Pleistocene and recent deposits of the Denver area, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 996-C, pp. 91–140.Google Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C. (1956) A study of an interstratified illite-montmorillonite clay from Worcestershire, England: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Res. Council, pub. 456, pp. 166–172.Google Scholar
Martin-Vivaldi, J. L. (1961) The bentonites of southeast Spain and of the north zone of Morocco: Abs. in Austin, Texas, 10th Clay Minerals Conf. program, pp. 20–21.Google Scholar
Mattyasovscky-Zsolnay, L. (1946) Illite, montmorillonite and volcanic ash as whiteware body ingredients: Amer. Ceramic Soc. J., v. 29, pp. 254–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ponder, H., and Keller, W. D. (1960) Geology, mineralogy, and genesis of selected fireclays from Latah County, Idaho: in Clays and Clay Minerals, 8th Conf., Pergamon Press, pp. 44–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberson, H. E. (1961) Petrology of Tertiary bentonites of Texas: Abs. in Austin, Texas, 10th Clay Minerals Conf. program, pp. 26–27.Google Scholar
Ross, C. S., and Shannon, E. V. (1926) Minerals of bentonite and related clays and their physical properties: Amer. Ceramic Soc. J., v. 9, pp. 77–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlocker, Julius and Vail Horn, Richard (1958) Alteration of volcanic ash near Denver, Colorado: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 28, pp. 31–35.Google Scholar
Schultz, L. G., and Wright, J. C. (in preparation) Bentonite beds of unusual composition in the Carmel Formation, southwest Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 450E.Google Scholar
Sherman, G. D. (1952) The genesis and morphology of the alumina-rich laterite clays [Hawaii]: in Problems of clay and laterite genesis, Amer. Inst. Mining Metall. Eng., symposium, annual meeting, Feb. 1951, pp. 154–161.Google Scholar
Slaughter, M., and Milne, I. H. (1960) The formation of chlorite-like structures from montmorillonite: in Clays and Clay Minerals, 7th Conf., Pergamon Press, pp. 114–124.Google Scholar
Spjeldnaes, Nils, and Hagemann, F. (1955) Ordovician and Silurian bentonite beds in the Oslo area [abs.]: Norsk Geol. Tidssk., Bd. 35, pp. 207.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. (1951) Minerals from pumiceous tuff in Japan: Science, no. 113, pp. 266–267.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. (1955) Clay mineral work proceeding in Japan: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Res. Council, pub. 456, pp. 185–195.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. and Takahashi, H. (1955) Shapes of halloysite particles in Japanese clays: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Res. Council, pub. 456, pp. 67–81.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. (1953) Mineralogy and petrology of some Ordovician K-bentonites and related limestones: Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 64, pp. 921–944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J. C., and Dickey, D. D. (in preparation) Relations of the Navajo and Carmel Formations in southwestern Utah and adjoining Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 450E.Google Scholar
Youell, R. F. (1960) An electrolytic method for producing chlorite-like substances from montmorillonite: Clay Min. Bull., v. 4, pp. 191–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yurgenson, E. (1958) Metabentonites in Estonian SSR: Trudy Inst. Geol. Akad. Nauk Eaton. SSR., v. 2, pp. 73–85.Google Scholar