Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:33:42.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The relationship between zeolite (heulandite-clinoptilolite) content and the ammonium-exchange capacity of pyroclastic rocks in Gördes, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

F. Esenli  and
A. Sirkecioğlu
F. Esenli*
Affiliation:
İstanbul Technical University, Department of Geology Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Sirkecioğlu
Affiliation:
Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Diagenetic alteration in two tuff horizons (the lower and upper tuff units) in the GoÈrdes region of Turkey led to the formation of mainly heulandite-clinoptilolite-type zeolites and also clay and silica minerals and K-feldspar. Possible variations in the climate and geological environment followed by variations in the hydrological system and the composition of the Miocene lake water and groundwater at that time resulted in the mineralogical facies. The lower tuffs are unaltered or slightly altered in the northern part and are more altered, particularly to zeolite (clinoptilolite) in the southern part of the study area. Heulandite and K-feldspar are mainly authigenic minerals in the upper tuff unit. The ammonium-exchange capacities of the 16 samples were investigated to understand the effects of the mineralogical composition on their ion-exchange capacities, which vary in the range 0.19-2.00 mEq/g. It is observed that the ion-exchange capacities are strongly dependent on the zeolite contents of the rocks. The correlation coefficient of this linear relation is 0.86. The most significant increase in ammonium-exchange capacity (from 0.2 to ~1.0 mEq/g) was observed when the zeolite contents increased from 0 to 30 wt.%. The second increase in exchange capacity was observed for samples containing >80 wt.% zeolite. Although there is no significant effect from the other authigenic minerals, smectite has a positive effect, and K-feldspar and opal-CT have almost no effect on the ion exchange capacities.

Keywords

ammonium-exchange capacityclinoptiloliteGördesTurkeyheulanditezeolite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 4 , December 2005 , pp. 557 - 564
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackley, M.W. & Yang, R.T. (1992) Adsorption characteristics of high-exchange clinoptilolites. Industrial Engineering Chemical Research, 30, 2523–2530.Google Scholar
Alietti, A. (1972) Polymorphism and crystal-chemistry of heulandites and clinoptilolites. American Mineralogist, 57, 1448–1462.Google Scholar
Alietti, A., Brigatti, M.F. & Poppi, L. (1977) Natural Ca- rich clinoptilolites (heulandite of group 3): New data review. Neues Jahrbuch für Minerologie Monatshefte, H11, 493–501.Google Scholar
Ames, L.L. (1960) The cation sieve properties of clinoptilolite. American Mineralogist, 45, 689–700.Google Scholar
Ames, L.L. (1961) Cation sieve properties of the open zeolites chabazite, mordenite, erionite and clinoptilolite. American Mineralogist, 46, 1120–1131.Google Scholar
Barrer, R.M. & Townsend, R.P. (1976) Transition-metal ion-exchange in zeolites 2: Amines of Co3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in clinoptilolite, mordenite and phillipsite. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, I, 2650–2660.Google Scholar
Barth-Wirsching, U. & Holler, H. (1989) Experimental studies on zeolite formation conditions. European Journal of Mineralogy, 1, 489–506.Google Scholar
Bauer, A., Schafer, T., Dohrmann, R., Hoffmann, H. & Kim, J.I. (2001) Smectite stability in acid salt solutions and the fate of Eu, Th and U in solution. Clay Minerals, 36, 93–103.Google Scholar
Blanchard, G., Maunayi, M. & Martin, G. (1984) Removal of heavy metals from waters by means of natural zeolites. Water Research, 18, 1501–1507.Google Scholar
Boles, J.R. (1972) Composition, optical properties, cell dimensions and thermal stability of some heulandite- group zeolites. American Mineralogist, 57, 1463–1493.Google Scholar
Boles, J.R. (1988) Occurrences of natural zeolites. Pp. 3–18 in: Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, Present Status and Future Research (Kallo, D. & Sherry, H.S., editors). Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.Google Scholar
Coombs, D.S., Alberti, A., Armbruster, T., Artioli, G., Colela, C., Galli, E., Grice, J.D., Liebau, F., Mandarino, J.A., Minato, H., Nickel, E.H., Passaglia, E., Peacor, D.R., Quartieri, S., Rinaldi, R., Ross, M., Sheppard, R.A., Tillmans, E. & Vezzalini, G. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35, 1571–1606.Google Scholar
Erdem-Şenatalar, A., Sirkecioğlu, A., Güray, I., Esenli, F. & Kumbasar, I. (1993) Characterization of the clinoptilolite-rich tuffs of Bigadiç: Variation of the ion-exchange capacity with pretreatments and zeolite contents. Pp. 223–230 in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Zeolite Conference (Von Balmoos, R., Higgins, J.B. & M.M.J.Treacy, editors). Butterworth- Heinemann, Boston.Google Scholar
Esenli, F. (1992) The geological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Neogene sequences and their zeolitization around the Gördes area. PhD thesis, Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey.Google Scholar
Esenli, F. & Kumbasar, I. (1994) Thermal behaviors of heulandites and clinoptilolites of western Anatolia. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 84, 645–651.Google Scholar
Esenli, F. & Kumbasar, I. (1998) X-ray diffraction intensity ratios I(111)/I(311) of natural heulandites and clinoptilolites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 679–686.Google Scholar
Gottardi, G. & Galli, E. (1985) Natural Zeolites, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 1–409.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. (1981) Geology of zeolites in sedimentary rocks. Pp. 53–64 in: Mineralogy and Geology of Natural Zeolites (Mumpton, F.A., editor). Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Hay, R.L. & Sheppard, R.A. (1981) Zeolites in open hydrologic systems. Pp. 93–102 in: Mineralogy and Geology of Natural Zeolites (Mumpton, F.A., editor). Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Iijima, A. & Utada, M. (1966) Zeolites in sedimentary rocks with reference to the depositional environments and zonal distribution. Sedimentology, 7, 327–357.Google Scholar
Johnson, M.F.L. (1978) Estimation of the zeolite content of a catalyst from nitrogen adsorption. Journal of Catalysis, 52, 425–431.Google Scholar
Kallo, D., Papp, J. & Valyon, J. (1982) Adsorption and catalytic properties of sedimentary clinoptilolite and mordenite from Tokaj Hills, Hungary. Zeolites, 2, 13–16.Google Scholar
Lieu, K., Williford, C.W. & Reynolds, W.R. (1988) Cation exchange characteristics of Gulf Coast clinoptilolite. Pp. 449–461 in: Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolites (Kallo, D. & Sherry, H.S., editors). Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.Google Scholar
Loizidou, M. & Townsend, R.P. (1987) Ion exchange properties of natural clinoptilolite, ferrierite and mordenite: 2. Lead-sodium and lead-ammonium equilibria. Zeolites, 7, 153–159.Google Scholar
Mason, B. & Sand, L.B. (1960) Clinoptilolite from Patagonia. The relationship between clinoptilolite and heulandite. American Mineralogist, 45, 341–350.Google Scholar
Mumpton, F.A. (1960) Clinoptilolite redefined. American Mineralogist, 45, 351–369.Google Scholar
Mumpton, F.A. (1981) Natural zeolites. Pp. 1–15 in: Mineralogy and Geology of Natural Zeolites (Mumpton, F.A., editor). Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Mumpton, F.A. (1988) Development of uses for natural zeolites. Pp. 333–366 in: Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, Present Status and Future Research. (Kallo, D. & Sherry, H.S. editors). Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.Google Scholar
Sersale, R. (1985) Natural zeolites: Processing, present and possible applications Pp. 503–512 in: Zeolites (Drzaj, B., Hocevar, S. & Pejovnik, S., editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Sirkecioğlu, A. & Erdem-Senatalar, A. (1996) Estimation of the zeolite contents of tuffaceous samples from the Bigadiç clinoptilolite deposit, western Turkey. Clays and Clay Minerals, 44, 686–692.Google Scholar
Sirkecioğlu, A., Esenli, F., Kumbasar, I., Eren, R.H. & Şenatalar, A.E. (1990) Mineralogical and chemical properties of Bigadiç clinoptilolite. Pp. 291–301 in: International Earth Science Congress on Aegean Regions-IESCA (Savas, Y.° çin, editor). University of Dokuz Eylul, Izmir, Turkey.Google Scholar
Yang, P., Stolz, J., Armbruster, T. & Gunter, M.E. (1997) Na, K, Rb, and Cs-exchange in heulandite single crystals: diffusion kinetics. American Mineralogist, 82, 517–525.Google Scholar