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Layer-charge evaluation of expandable clays from a chronosequence of podzols in Finland using an alkylammonium method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

F. Gillot ,
D. Righi  and
M. L. Räisänen
F. Gillot
Affiliation:
UMR-CNRS 6532, HydrASA, Faculté des Sciences, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
D. Righi*
Affiliation:
UMR-CNRS 6532, HydrASA, Faculté des Sciences, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
M. L. Räisänen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Finland, Regional Office, PO Box 1237, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Smectites from the E horizon of podzols dated at 1200–10,000 y in central and northern Finland were studied. Clay minerals in the fine (<0.1 μm) and coarse (0.1–2 μm) fractions were examined by X-ray diffraction. The distribution (octahedral or tetrahedral) and magnitude of the layer charge of expandable minerals were estimated using intercalation of alkylammonium ions (nC = 12) associated with the Hofmann & Klemen effect. In addition, charge alteration following desaturation (H+ exchange) and autotransformation was investigated. Smectites from the E horizons of podzols are not homogeneous but constitute a mixture of several populations with various layer charges. Smectites with lower layer charge are present in podzols having a longer effective time of pedogenesis, suggesting alteration of the high-charge smectites with time. Experimental alteration of the smectites by autotransformation shows that a decrease of the layer charge is easily produced by desaturation of the smectite clays.

Keywords

smectitespodzolsFinlandweatheringsmectite layer chargesoil vermiculitealkylammonium exchange
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 571 - 584
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2001

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