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Influence of alkaline (pH 8.3–12.0) and saline solutions on chemical, mineralogical and physical properties of two different bentonites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

T. Heikola ,
S. Kumpulainen ,
U. Vuorinen ,
L. Kiviranta  and
P. Korkeakoski
T. Heikola*
Affiliation:
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Otakaari 3K Espoo, 02044 VTT, Finland
S. Kumpulainen
Affiliation:
B+Tech Oy, Laulukuja 4, 00420 Helsinki, Finland
U. Vuorinen
Affiliation:
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Otakaari 3K Espoo, 02044 VTT, Finland
L. Kiviranta
Affiliation:
B+Tech Oy, Laulukuja 4, 00420 Helsinki, Finland
P. Korkeakoski
Affiliation:
Posiva Oy, Olkiluoto, 27160 Eurajoki, Finland
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

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The interaction of two different bulk bentonites (Na- and Ca-types) with three types of simulated cement waters (pH 9.7, 11.3 and 12.0) and one saline groundwater simulate (pH 8.3) as a reference, was studied in batch reactors at 25°C. The solution pH was monitored in order to keep the pH as steady as possible by replacing the leaching solution with fresh one when needed. After 554 days, one set of parallel samples was removed from the experiment in order to investigate the possible changes in the bentonite materials.

The buffering capacity of bentonite was clearly observed, especially at the beginning of the high-pH experiments, as the pH of the leaching solutions decreased quite dramatically due to interaction with bentonite. The solution chemistry results showed a decrease of Ca content in all leachate samples, but especially in pH 12.0 experiments. Small amounts of silica were released throughout the experiment. Both bentonites in pH 12.0 experiments also released detectable amounts of Al, while in the lower pH experiments the levels were below detection limit. These observations were also supported by chemical analyses of the bentonite materials. Only minor changes were detected in the mineralogy, and they were mainly concentrated on experiments at pH 11.3 and pH 12.0. The measured swelling pressure showed an increase in pH 12.0 experiments. The results obtained in this research may facilitate modelling of bentonite interaction with high-pH solutions.

Keywords

bentonite bufferalterationbatchbentonitealkalinesaline spent nuclear fuelunderground repository
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 2 , May 2013 , pp. 309 - 329
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2013 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2013

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