Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T07:30:40.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydro-mechanical properties of Calcigel-polyacrylamide composites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Hanna Haase  and
Tom Schanz
Hanna Haase*
Affiliation:
Chair of Foundation Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Tom Schanz
Affiliation:
Chair of Foundation Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Calcigel bentonite-polyacrylamide (PAA) composites were investigated for their formation characteristics and their macroscopic hydro-mechanical and microscopic structural properties. The composites prepared were different in terms of the polymer charge, i.e. cationic (PAA+), anionic (PAA−), non-ionic (PAA°) and in terms of the polymer-to-clay ratio. The latter varied according to the individual maximum sorption capacity established from adsorption isotherms. Oedometer and waterretention testswere conducted on composites prepared under initial slurry conditions. The microstructure of the composites was investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). At low stress, distinctly increased void ratios were found for all types of the composites, whereas under highstress conditions only the PAA+-composite prepared at 100% of the maximum sorption capacity showed an increase in void ratio. Analyses by ESEM on this composite indicated structural changes related to the preferential face-to-face aggregation, which help to explain the macroscopic behaviour and also account for the increased hydraulic permeabilities observed.

Keywords

adsorption isothermsbentoniteclay-polymer compositescompressibilitysoil water characteristic curve
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , August 2015 , pp. 377 - 389
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2015 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2015

References

Ashmawy, A.K., El-Hajji, D., Sotelo, N. & Muhammad, N. (2002) Hydraulic performance of untreated and polymer-treated bentonite in inorganic landfill lea-chates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50, 546–552.10.1346/000986002320679288Google Scholar
Baille, W., Tripathy, S. & Schanz, T. (2010) Swelling pressures and one-dimensional compressibility behaviour of bentonite at large pressures. Applied Clay Science, 48, 324–333.10.1016/j.clay.2010.01.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beall, G.W. & Powell, C.E. (2011) Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.10.1017/CBO9780511977312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Hur, M. (2006) Using synthetic polymers as soil conditioners to control runoff and soil loss in arid and semi-arid regions - a review. Soil Research, 44, 191–204.10.1071/SR05175Google Scholar
Blackmore, A.V. & Warkentin, B.P. (1960) Swelling of calcium montmorillonite. Nature, 186, 823–824.10.1038/186823a0Google Scholar
Burton, G.J., Sheng, D. & Campbell, C. (2014) Bimodal pore size distribution of a high-plasticity compacted clay. Géotechnique Letters, 4, 88–93.10.1680/geolett.14.00003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen Stuart, M.A. (1991) Adsorbed polymers in colloidal systems: from statics to dynamics. Polymer Journal, 23, 669–682.10.1295/polymj.23.669Google Scholar
Delage, P., Howat, M.D. & Cui, Y.J. (1998) The relationship between suction and swelling properties in a heavily compacted unsaturated clay. Engineering Geology, 50, 31–8.10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00083-5Google Scholar
Delage, P., Marcial, D., Cui, Y.J. & Ruiz, X. (2006) Ageing effects in a compacted bentonite: a micro structure approach. Géotechnique, 56, 291–304.10.1680/geot.2006.56.5.291Google Scholar
Deng, Y., Dixon, J.B., White, G.N., Loeppert, R.H. & Juo, A.S.R. (2006) Bonding between polyacrylamide and smectite. Colloids and Surfaces, 281, 82–91.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.02.030CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denoyel, R., Durand, G., Lafuma, F. & Audebert, R. (1990) Adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes onto montmorillonite and silica: microcalorimetric study of their conformation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 139, 281–290.10.1016/0021-9797(90)90463-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Emidio, G., Van Impe, W. & Flores, R. (2011) Advances in Geosynthetic Clay Liners: Polymer Enhanced Clays. Geo-Frontiers, 2011, 1931–1940.Google Scholar
Espinasse, P. & Siffert, B. (1979) Acetamide and polyacrylamide adsorption onto clays: Influence of the exchangeable cation and the salinity of the medium. Clays and Clay Minerals, 27, 279–284.10.1346/CCMN.1979.0270406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, X. & Qutubuddin, S. (2001) Polymer—clay nanocom-posites: exfoliation of organophilic montmorillonite nanolayers in polystyrene. Polymer, 42, 807–813.10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00385-2Google Scholar
Fredlund, D.G. & Xing, A. (1994) Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 521–532.10.1139/t94-061Google Scholar
Gens, A. & Alonso, E.E. (1992) A framework for the behaviour of unsaturated expansive clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29, 1013–1032.10.1139/t92-120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenland, D.J. (1963) Adsorption of polyvinyl alcohols by montmorillonite. Journal of Colloid Science, 18, 647–667.10.1016/0095-8522(63)90058-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, H. & Keren, R. (2003) Anionic polyacrylamide polymer adsorption by pyrophyllite and montmorillonite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 51, 334–339.10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510310Google Scholar
Inyang, H.I. & Bae, S. (2005) Polyacrylamide sorption opportunity on interlayer and external pore surfaces of contaminant barrier clays. Chemosphere, 58, 19–31.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.090Google Scholar
Inyang, H.I., Mbamalu, G. & Park, S.W. (2007) Aqueous polymer effects on volumetric swelling of Na-montmorillonite. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19, 84–90.10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:1(84)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laird, D.A. (1997) Bonding between polyacrylamide and clay mineral surfaces. Soil Science, 162, 826–832.10.1097/00010694-199711000-00006Google Scholar
Lambe, T.W. (1960) Compacted clay: structure. Transactions ASCE, 125, 682–706.Google Scholar
Leong, E.C. & Rahardjo, H. (1997) Review of soil-water characteristic curve equations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123, 1106–1117.10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:12(1106)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloret, A., Villar, M.V., Sanchez, M., Gens, A., Pintado, X. & Alonso, E.E. (2003) Mechanical behaviour of heavily compacted bentonite under high suction changes. Géotechnique, 53, 27–40.10.1680/geot.2003.53.1.27Google Scholar
Martin, R.T. (1960) Adsorbed water on clay: A review. Clays and Clay Minerals, 9, 28–70.10.1346/CCMN.1960.0090104Google Scholar
McRory, J.A. & Ashmawy, A.K. (2005) Polymer treatment of bentonite clay for contaminant resistant barriers. Geo-Frontiers, 2005, 1–11.Google Scholar
Mesri, G. & Olson, R.E. (1971) Mechanisms controlling the permeability of clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 19, 151–158.10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190303Google Scholar
Mitchell, J.K. & Soga, K. (2005) Fundamentals of Soil Behavior. 3rd edition. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.Google Scholar
Olsen, H.W. .(1960) Hydraulic flow through saturated clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 9, 131–161.10.1346/CCMN.1960.0090108Google Scholar
Palomino, A.M., Burns, S.E. & Santamarina, J.C. (2008) Mixtures of fine-grained minerals - kaolinite and carbonate grains. Clays and Clay Minerals, 56, 599–611.10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560601CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Péron, H., Hueckel, T. & Laloui, L. (2007) An improved volume measurement for determining soil water retention curves. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 30, 1–8.Google Scholar
Razakamanantsoa, A.R., Barast, G. & Djeran-Maigre, I. (2012) Hydraulic performance of activated calcium bentonite treated by polyionic charged polymer. Applied Clay Science, 59-60, 103–114.10.1016/j.clay.2012.01.022Google Scholar
Sachen, A., Vikash, G. & Prashant, A. (2013) Development of intermediate microfabric in kaolin clay and its consolidation behaviour. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 31, 23–34.10.1007/s10706-012-9557-7Google Scholar
Scalia, J., Benson, C., Bohnhoff, G., Edil, T. & Shackelford, C. (2014) Long-term hydraulic conductivity of a bentonite-polymer composite permeated with aggressive inorganic solutions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001040.Google Scholar
Schamp, N. & Huylebroeck, J. (1973) Adsorption of polymers on clays. Journal of Polymer Science, 42, 553–562.Google Scholar
Scheutjens, J.M.H.M. & Fleer, G.J. (1980) Statistical theory of the adsorption of interacting chain mole-cules. 2. Train, loop and tail size distribution. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 84, 178–190.10.1021/j100439a011Google Scholar
Theng, B.K.G. (2012) Formation and Properties of Clay-Polymer Complexes, 2nd edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Thom, R., Sivakumar, R., Sivakumar, V., Murray, E.J. & Mackinin, P. (2007) Pore size distribution of unsatur-ated compacted kaolin: the initial states and final states following saturation. Géotechnique, 57, 469–474.10.1680/geot.2007.57.5.469CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripathy, S. & Rees, S.W. (2013) Suction of some polyethylene glycols commonly used for unsaturated soil testing. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 36. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20120041 Google Scholar
Usuki, A., Koiwai, A., Kojima, Y., Kawasumi, M., Okada, A., Kurauchi, T. & Kamigaito, O. (1995) Interaction of nylon 6-clay surface and mechanical properties of nylon 6-clay hybrid. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 55, 119–123.10.1002/app.1995.070550113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Olphen, H. (1991) An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd edition. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, USA.Google Scholar
Wallace, G.A. & Wallace, A. (1986) Control of soil erosion by polymeric soil conditioners. Soil Science, 141, 363–367.10.1097/00010694-198605000-00012Google Scholar
Yu, J., Wang, D., Ge, X., Yan, M. & Yang, M. (2006) Flocculation of kaolin particles by two typical polyelectrolytes: A comparative study on the kinetics and floc structures. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, 290, 288–294.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.05.040CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zumsteg, R., Plötze, M. & Puzrin, A. (2013) Effect of dispersing foams and polymers on the mechanical behaviour of clay pastes. Géotechnique, 63, 920–933.10.1680/geot.12.P.044Google Scholar