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Evaluation of the efficacy of halloysite nanotubes in the removal of acidic and basic dyes from aqueous solution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2019

Tholiso Ngulube Open the ORCID record for Tholiso Ngulube [Opens in a new window] ,
Jabulani Ray Gumbo ,
Vhahangwele Masindi  and
Arjun Maity
Tholiso Ngulube*
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Resources Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Limpopo, South Africa
Jabulani Ray Gumbo
Affiliation:
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Limpopo, South Africa
Vhahangwele Masindi
Affiliation:
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Built Environment, Hydraulic Infrastructure Engineering, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), PO Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa
Arjun Maity
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The present work describes the removal of Direct Red 81, Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet from aqueous solution using halloysite nanotubes. The clay mineral was physicochemically characterized using various methods. The influences of pH, interaction time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount and temperature on adsorption were monitored and interpreted. Although previous work has shown that acidic pH conditions favour the adsorption of pollutants from aqueous systems by clay materials, in this study maximum removal was possible over a wide range of pH conditions (pH ≥2–12). Adsorption was very rapid, and equilibrium was attained within 30 min. For all four dyes studied, chemical reaction seemed significant in the rate-controlling step, and the pseudo-second-order chemical reaction kinetics provided the best correlation of the experimental data. Thermodynamically, the process was spontaneous, with Gibbs energy decreasing with increasing temperature. Halloysite would be suitable for removing dyes from aqueous solution. This was further tested by using the halloysite nanotubes for the removal of complex dyes from printing and ink industry effluents.

Keywords

halloysite nanotubesacidic and basic dyesadsorptionkineticsisothermsthermodynamics
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 197 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2019 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: C.-H. Zhou

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