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The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Properties of Hydroxy-Al and Hydroxy-Ga Pillared Montmorillonite and Beidellite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

J. T. Kloprogge ,
E. Booy ,
J. B. H. Jansen  and
J. W. Geus
J. T. Kloprogge
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Geochemistry, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht
E. Booy
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Geochemistry, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht
J. B. H. Jansen
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Geochemistry, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht
J. W. Geus*
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Geochemistry, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht
*
†Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.083, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract

The pillaring process of montmorillonite and beidellite with Al and Ga polymers has been studied using XRD, IR, 27Al, 71Ga, and 29Si MAS NMR, TGA, TEM, N2 adsorption and chemical analyses. The Al adsorption maximum for montmorillonite is close to 5.5 mEq Al/g clay, whereas the maximum for Ga is higher. Basal spacings of both Ga- and Al-pillared clays vary between 16.7 and 18.8 Å. Freeze-drying of pillared products followed by calcination yielded more regular pillared structures. Pillaring montmorillonite increased the BET surface area from 35 m2/g to 350 m2/g mainly by the creation of micropores <20 Å in diameter. The Al-pillared clays are thermally stable to ∼700°C. Calcination of pillared montmorillonite liberates protons from the pillar, which diffuse into the clay sheet, lowering the thermal stability. In pillared beidellite, mainly silanol groups are formed by breaking Si-O-Al bonds. No reaction is observed between pillars and montmorillonite upon calcination, whereas in pillared beidellite a structural transformation links the pillar to inverted tetrahedra of the tetrahedral sheet. The basal spacing of Ga-pillared montmorillonite collapses to 9.5 Å at 350°C due to the Ga polymer decomposing to Ga3+ cations.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , June 1994 , pp. 153 - 167
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1994

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Footnotes

*

Present address: TNO-TPD-TU Delft, Dept. of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, PO Box 595, 5600 AN Eindhoyen, The Netherlands.

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