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The conversion of montmorillonite to interstratified halloysite-smectite by weathering in the Omi acid clay deposit, Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

T. Watanabe ,
Y. Sawada ,
J. D. Russell ,
W. J. McHardy  and
M. J. Wilson
T. Watanabe
Affiliation:
Division of Soils, The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, Scotland, UK
Y. Sawada
Affiliation:
Division of Soils, The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, Scotland, UK
J. D. Russell
Affiliation:
Division of Soils, The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, Scotland, UK
W. J. McHardy
Affiliation:
Division of Soils, The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, Scotland, UK
M. J. Wilson
Affiliation:
Division of Soils, The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ, Scotland, UK
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Abstract

The weathering of montmorillonite in the acid clay deposit at Itoigawa, Japan has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the lower, least weathered part of the deposit, weathering has occurred by the formation of minor amounts of halloysite with concomitant precipitation of a silica phase identified as opal C-T. A relatively rapid transition occurs to the most weathered, upper part of the deposit where the mineralogy is dominated by interstratified halloysite-smectite. Computer simulations of XRD profiles indicate that the interstratified arrangement is random with a probable composition of 70% halloysite and 30% smectite, a composition supported by the 75–85% and 15–25% of the phases, respectively, calculated from the IR spectra.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , June 1992 , pp. 159 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1992

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