Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T19:55:32.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Alteration processes and products of acid pyroclastic rocks in Bulgaria and Slovakia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

G. Kirov ,
E. Šamajova ,
R. Nedialkov  and
TS. Stanimirova
G. Kirov
Affiliation:
Dept. of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 15, Tzar Osvoboditel blvd, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
E. Šamajova
Affiliation:
Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
R. Nedialkov
Affiliation:
Dept. of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 15, Tzar Osvoboditel blvd, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
TS. Stanimirova*
Affiliation:
Dept. of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 15, Tzar Osvoboditel blvd, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The genesis of the products of the alteration of acid pyroclastic material is discussed and interpreted on the basis of the distribution, sedimentation conditions, post-sedimentation activity, mineral and chemical compositions of pyroclastic deposits in Bulgaria and Slovakia.

It is found that the disordered nonequilibrium nature of the volcanic glass induces a diagenetic devitrification of the tuffs and formation of clinoptilolitic, adularia-cristobalite and bentonite rocks. With increasing temperature, the volcanic glass tends forward a stable state through a series of zeolite mineral associations: clinoptilolite-mordenite-analcime-feldspar. The change in mineral composition of this series of rocks occurs without a change in the chemical composition of the rocks, which could be explained by the closed nature of zeolite systems. The formation of bentonites is associated with the removal of alkaline ions under diagenetic conditions, while the formation of halloysite rocks is caused by hydrothermal activity.

Keywords

acid pyroclastic rocksalterationzeolitizationdiagenesisBulgariaSlovakia
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 279 - 294
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aladjov, T. & Aladjov, A. (2008) New deposit of halloysite clays in Kuza locality, Kralevo village, Haskovo district. Sofia University, 60 Anniversary of Geology, 129-133 (in Bulgarian with English abstract).Google Scholar
Aleksiev, B. & Djourova, E. (1975) On the origin of zeolite rocks. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 28, 517–520.Google Scholar
Aleksiev, B. & Djourova, E. (1976) Mordenite zeolitites from the North-eastern Rhodopes. Comptes Rendus de I’ Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 29, 865–867.Google Scholar
Aleksiev, B. & Djourova, E. (1982) Zeolitic rocks in the area between the villages Golobradovo and Morjantsi. Annales de l ‘Université de Sofia, Faculty of Geology and Geography, 76, 3–15 (in Bulgarian with English abstract).Google Scholar
Aleksiev, B., Djourova, E. & Milakovska-Vergilova, Z. (1997) Geology of the Oligocene zeolitic rocks: a review and new data. Pp. 249–262 in: Natural zeolites - Sofia'95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. & Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow.Google Scholar
Aleksiev, B., Djourova, E. & Milakovska-Vergilova, Z. (2000) Zeolitic rocks from the Mezek Mountain, NE Rhodopes. Annales de l ‘Université De Sofia, Faculty of Geology and Geography, 91, 159–163.Google Scholar
Djourova, E. (1976) Analcime zeolitites from north-east Rhodopes. Comptes Rendus de l ‘ Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 29, 1023–1025.Google Scholar
Djourova, E. & Aleksiev, B. (1983) Zeolitic rocks to the south-east of the village of Kralevo, Haskovo district. Annales de l ‘Univesite de Sofia, Faculty of Geology and Geography, 77, 165–177 (in Bulgarian with English abstract).Google Scholar
Djourova, E. & Milakovska, Z. (1987) Oligocene volcanic glass genetic types at the village of Kralevo, district of Haskovo. Comptes Rendus de I Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 40, 103 — 106.Google Scholar
Freundt, A. (2003) Entrance of hot pyroclastic flows into the sea: experimental observations. Bulletin of Volcanology, 65, 144–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, A. (1998) Zeolitization of volcaniclastic sediments: the role of temperature and pH. Journal of Sedimentay Research, 68, 739–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, R.L. (1966) Zeolites and zeolitic reactions in sedimentary rocks. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 85, 1–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, D.B. (1981) Kinetic of glass dissolution and zeolite formation under hydro-thermal condition. Clays and Clay Minerals, 5, 331–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iijima, A. (1995) Zeolites in petroleum and gas reservoirs. Pp. 99–114 in: Natural Zeolites ‘93: Occurrence, Properties, Use (Ming, D.W. & Mumpton, F.A., editors). Brockport, New York.Google Scholar
Ilieva, A. (2006) Crystal-chemical and Structure Peculiarity of Natural and Modified Montmorillonite from Bulgarian Bentonite Clays. Doctoral Thesis, 124 pp. (in Bulgarian).Google Scholar
Ilieva, A., Petrova, N., Bakardjieva, S. & Aladjov, T. (2008) Mineralogical characterization of halloysite clay from Kuza deposit, Haskovo district. Sofia University. 60 Anniversary of the Department of Geology, 129-133.Google Scholar
Ivanova, R., Yanev, Y., Iliev, Tz., Koleva, E., Popova, T. & Popov, N. (2001) Mineralogy, chemistry and ionexchange properties of the zeolitized tuffs from the Sheinovets caldera, Eastern Rhodopes (South Bulgaria). In. Study in Surface Science Catalysis (Galarneau, A., DiRenzo, F., Fajula, F. & Verdine, J., editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 135, 95–103.Google Scholar
Kirov, G. & Petrova, N. (2009) Volcanic ash-water thermal interaction. Experimental observation. Comptes Rendus de l ‘Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 62, 1289–1298.Google Scholar
Kirov, G., & Šamajova, E. (1990) Potassium feldspar and SiO2 minerals in the zeolite diagenesis of rhyolite tuffs. Comptes Rendus de l ‘Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 43, 79–82.Google Scholar
Kirov, G., Pechigargov, V. & Chelebiev, E. (1976) Effect of the grain size of volcanic glass on the mineral composition of its alteration products. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, 4, 83–90 (in Bulgarian with English abstract).Google Scholar
Kirov, G., Pechigargov, V. & Landzheva, E. (1979) Experimental crystallization of volcanic glasses in a thermal gradient field. Chemical Geology, 26, 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirov, G., Senderov, E. & Pechigargov, V. (1984) Experimental zeolitization of volcanic glass by SEM data. Geochimia, 9, 1283–1292 (in Russian with English abstract).Google Scholar
Kraus, I., Šamajova, E., Šucha, V. V., Lexa, J. & Hroncova, S. (1994) Diagenetic and hydrothermal alterations of volcanic rocks into clay minerals and zeolites (Kremnichke Vzchy Mts., Western Carpathians). Geologica Carpatica, 45, 151–158.Google Scholar
Petrova, N. & Kirov, G. (1988) Calorimetric investigation of the zeolitization of volcanic glasses. Comptes Rendus de l ‘Academie Bulgare des Sciences, 41, 51–54.Google Scholar
Petrova, N. & Kirov, G. (1995) Zeolitization of glasses: a calorimetric study. Thermochimica Ada, 269/270, 443–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radzo, V. (1975) Mineralogical Study of Halloysite Clays from Deposit Biela Hora (White Hill) near Michalovce. Manuscript of Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty of Mining, University of Kosice, 1–78 (in Slovak).Google Scholar
Raynov, N., Popov, N., Yanev, Y., Petrova, P., Popova, P., Hristova, V., Atanasova, R. & Zancharska, R. (1997) Geological, mineralogical and technological characteristics of zeolitized tuffs deposits in the Eastern Rhodopes. Pp. 241–248 in: Natural Zeolites — Sofla'95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. & Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow.Google Scholar
Šamajova, E. (1997) Zeolite diagenesis in the Neogene East Slovak basin. Pp. 215–226 in: Natural Zeolites - Sofla'95 (Kirov, G., Filizova, L. & Petrov, O., editors). Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow.Google Scholar
Šamajova, E., Kraus, I. & Lačakova, A. (1992) Diagenetic alteration of Miocene acidic vitric tuffs of Jastreba formation (Kremnichke Vrchy Mts., Western Carpathians). Geologica Carpathica, Series Clays, 1, 21–26.Google Scholar
Truesdell, A.H. (1966) Ion exchange constants of natural glasses by the electrode method. American Mineralogist, 51, 110–122.Google Scholar
Tsitsishvili, G.V., Andronikashvili, T.G., Kirov, G.N. & Filizova, L.D. (1992) Natural Zeolites, Ellis Horwood Ltd, Chichester, UK, 296 pp.Google Scholar
Tzvetanov, R., Kirov, G. & Topolova, I. (1983) Zeolite mineralization in the tuffs of the Malko Gradishte and Efrem volcanoes, Eastern Rhodopes. Annales de l ‘Université de Sofia, Faculty of Geology and Geography, 77, 71–79 (in Bulgarian with English abstract).Google Scholar
Vergilov, V. (1961) Possibilities for use of volcanic tuffs in ceramic industry. Construction Materials and Ceramic Industry, 6, 21–22 (in Bulgarian).Google Scholar
Yanev, Y., Cocheme, J-J., Ivanova, R., Grauby, O., Buriet, E. & Pravchanska, R. (2006) Zeolites and zeolitization of the acid pyroclastic rocks from paroxysmal Palaeogene volcanism, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria. Neues Jahrbuch fr Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 183, 265–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar